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      Discontinuation of aspirin before non-cardiac surgery causing ventricular mural thrombus for a patient with left ventricular aneurysm: a case report

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          Abstract

          Background

          Left ventricular mural thrombus (LVMT) is a life-threatening complication in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

          Case presentation

          A 67-year-old man had a history of penetrating myocardial infarction and left ventricular aneurysm (LVA). The patient was scheduled for a non-cardiac surgery and stopped aspirin for 10 days to reduce the risk of bleeding. Fresh LVMT was revealed via the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after the preoperative discontinuation of aspirin.

          Conclusions

          Perioperative repeated evaluation for the thrombosis by echocardiography is essential in cases of patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. In high risk patient, during temporary interruption of antiplatelets, bridging with perioperative low-molecular-weight heparin is advisable.

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          Most cited references7

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          Clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics of left ventricular thrombus: a comparison of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, transthoracic echocardiography, and transesophageal echocardiography with surgical or pathological validation.

          Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is a frequent and potentially dangerous complication of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We evaluated the clinical, imaging, and pathology characteristics of confirmed LV thrombus and compared the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the diagnosis of LV thrombi. Between November 1997 and December 2003, 361 patients with IHD had surgical and/or pathological confirmation of presence or absence of LV thrombus. Clinical information and preoperative imaging study reports were retrospectively reviewed regarding detection of thrombus. Comparisons were made between clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with and without confirmed thrombus. Left ventricular thrombus was present in 106 (29%) of 361 patients in this study. Patients with thrombus had a higher incidence of recent embolic events (6.1% vs 0.8%, P < .005). In 160 patients with all 3 imaging modalities performed within 30 days of surgical or pathological confirmation, contrast-enhanced MRI showed the highest sensitivity and specificity (88% +/- 9% and 99% +/- 2%, respectively) compared with TTE (23% +/- 12% and 96% +/- 3.6%, respectively) and TEE (40% +/- 14% and 96% +/- 3.6%, respectively) for thrombus detection. Left ventricular thrombus occurs frequently in patients with IHD and is associated with risk of systemic embolization. Contrast-enhanced MRI provided the highest sensitivity and specificity for LV thrombus when compared to TTE and TEE, and should be considered in the care of patients at high risk of LV thrombus formation.
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            Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients With Left Ventricular Mural Thrombus

            Contemporary data are lacking regarding the prognosis and management of left ventricular thrombus (LVT).
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              Challenges in management of left ventricular thrombus

              Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) complicates both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and is a potential cause of thromboembolic complications such as stroke. Management of LVT in the 21st century is primarily based on studies before the widespread use of potent pharmacological and interventional therapies such as primary percutaneous coronary intervention, especially in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Though advances in diagnostic technology have improved detection of LVT, clinicians face several uncertainties in the management of LVT in daily practice. The aim of this paper is to examine several controversies in the diagnosis and management of LVT. Prospective studies are needed to advance therapy of LVT.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zhouyf11@zju.edu.cn
                Journal
                BMC Cardiovasc Disord
                BMC Cardiovasc Disord
                BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2261
                14 August 2020
                14 August 2020
                2020
                : 20
                : 368
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, , Zhejiang University School of Medicine, ; 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.13402.34, ISNI 0000 0004 1759 700X, Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital, , Zhejiang University School of Medicine, ; 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-0686
                Article
                1643
                10.1186/s12872-020-01643-6
                7427932
                32795304
                10557489-f89f-4472-acd3-369812a18500
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 9 December 2019
                : 30 July 2020
                Categories
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                left ventricular aneurysm,mural thrombus,aspirin,echocardiography,non-cardiac surgery

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