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      Serum variations of anti-mullerian hormone and total testosterone with aging in healthy adult Iranian men: A population-based study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Literature proves anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and total testosterone (TT) as two important reproductive hormones in male development, however evidence regarding age variations of these hormones is lacking.

          Aims

          To estimate the normal serum AMH values and to assess the age-specific TT levels in men aged 30–70, we conducted the present population-based study.

          Methods

          A total of 831 healthy eligible men, aged 30–70 years, were recruited from Tehran Lipid and Glucose study cohort. Centiles for AMH were estimated according to the exponential normal 3-parameter model. The parametric method of Royston available in general software was applied for the first time to estimate the age-specific AMH and TT percentiles of 5 th, 10 th, 25 th, 50 th, 75 th, 90 th and 95 th.

          Results

          Mean AMH level was 6.93, ranging from 0.1 to 40.1 ng/ml. Serum AMH concentrations followed a steady reduction with increasing age. Mean TT level was 4.8, ranging from 0.44 to 11.4 ng/ml.

          Discussion

          A measurable serum concentrations of AMH in healthy males throughout lifespan with variations, based on age, confirming a slight age-related AMH decline. Fractional polynomial (FP) regression models revealed that the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the TT were not associated with age, so the percentiles estimated were not age-specific.

          Conclusion

          We presented a nomogram of age-specific AMH values in a healthy cohort of Iranian men. This finding might have clinical importance in dealing hormonal disorders in men.

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          Most cited references54

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          Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

          Background The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) is a long term integrated community-based program for prevention of non-communicable disorders (NCD) by development of a healthy lifestyle and reduction of NCD risk factors. The study begun in 1999, is ongoing, to be continued for at least 20 years. A primary survey was done to collect baseline data in 15005 individuals, over 3 years of age, selected from cohorts of three medical heath centers. A questionnaire for past medical history and data was completed during interviews; blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometrical measurements and a limited physical examination were performed and lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar and 2-hours-postload-glucose challenge were measured. A DNA bank was also collected. For those subjects aged over 30 years, Rose questionnaire was completed and an electrocardiogram was taken. Data collected were directly stored in computers as database software- computer assisted system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing or postponing the development of NCD risk factors and outcomes in the TLGS population. Design and methods In phase II of the TLGS, lifestyle interventions were implemented in 5630 people and 9375 individuals served as controls. Primary, secondary and tertiary interventions were designed based on specific target groups including schoolchildren, housewives, and high-risk persons. Officials of various sectors such as health, education, municipality, police, media, traders and community leaders were actively engaged as decision makers and collaborators. Interventional strategies were based on lifestyle modifications in diet, smoking and physical activity through face-to-face education, leaflets & brochures, school program alterations, training volunteers as health team and treating patients with NCD risk factors. Collection of demographic, clinical and laboratory data will be repeated every 3 years to assess the effects of different interventions in the intervention group as compared to control group. Conclusion This controlled community intervention will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of non-communicable risk factors and disorders in a population in nutrition transition. Trial registration ISRCTN52588395
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            Recent changes in pubertal timing in healthy Danish boys: associations with body mass index.

            In the 1990s, the American population-based study NHANES III renewed the focus on possible secular trends in male puberty. However, no conclusions could be made on pubertal onset due to the lack of compatible data. The aim of the study was to evaluate secular trends in pubertal onset during the recent 15 yr and their relation to body mass index (BMI) in boys. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1991-1993 and a combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 2006-2008 (The Copenhagen Puberty Study) at a tertiary center for pediatric endocrinology. A total of 1528 boys aged 5.8 to 19.9 yr participated (n = 824 in 1991-1993, and n = 704 in 2006-2008). Genital and pubic hair stages as well as testicular volume by orchidometry were evaluated. Blood samples were analyzed for LH, FSH, testosterone, and SHBG. We measured age at onset of pubertal markers. Onset of puberty, defined as age at attainment of testicular volume above 3 ml, occurred significantly earlier in 2006-2008 [11.66 yr (11.49-11.82); mean (95% confidence interval)] than in 1991-1993 [11.92 yr (11.76-12.08); P = 0.025]. Significantly higher LH, but not testosterone, levels were found in the 11- to 16-yr-old boys from 2006-2008 compared to 1991-1993 (P = 0.020). BMI Z-score increased significantly from 1991-1993 [0.044 (-0.016 to 0.104)] to 2006-2008 [0.290 (0.219-0.361); P < 0.001]. Interestingly, pubertal onset and LH levels were no longer significantly different between study periods after adjustment for BMI. Estimated mean age at onset of puberty has declined significantly during the recent 15 yr. This decline was associated with the coincident increase in BMI.
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              Changes in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) throughout the life span: a population-based study of 1027 healthy males from birth (cord blood) to the age of 69 years.

              Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which is secreted by immature Sertoli cells, triggers the involution of the fetal Müllerian ducts. AMH is a testis-specific marker used for diagnosis in infants with ambiguous genitalia or bilateral cryptorchidism. The aim of the study was to describe the ontogeny of AMH secretion through life in healthy males. This was a population-based study of healthy volunteers. PARTICIPANTS included 1027 healthy males from birth (cord blood) to 69 yr. A subgroup was followed up longitudinally through the infantile minipuberty [(in cord blood, and at 3 and 12 months), n=55] and another group through puberty [(biannual measurements), n=83]. Serum AMH was determined by a sensitive immunoassay. Serum testosterone, LH, and FSH were measured, and pubertal staging was performed in boys aged 6 to 20 yr (n=616). Serum AMH was above the detection limit in all samples with a marked variation according to age and pubertal status. The median AMH level in cord blood was 148 pmol/liter and increased significantly to the highest observed levels at 3 months (P<0.0001). AMH declined at 12 months (P<0.0001) and remained at a relatively stable level throughout childhood until puberty, when AMH declined progressively with adults exhibiting 3-4% of infant levels. Based on this extensive data set, we found detectable AMH serum levels at all ages, with the highest measured levels during infancy. At the time of puberty, AMH concentrations declined and remained relatively stable throughout adulthood. The potential physiological role of AMH and clinical applicability of AMH measurements remain to be determined.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                17 July 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 7
                : e0179634
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [3 ] Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [4 ] Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [5 ] Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Universite Clermont Auvergne, FRANCE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: FRT MAM.

                • Data curation: FRT MAM MSD.

                • Formal analysis: FRT MAM MSD.

                • Investigation: FRT SM FA.

                • Methodology: FRT MAM MSD.

                • Project administration: FRT FA.

                • Software: MAM MSD.

                • Supervision: FRT FA.

                • Visualization: FRT SM.

                • Writing – original draft: FRT MAM SM.

                • Writing – review & editing: FRT SM.

                ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-2718
                Article
                PONE-D-17-12397
                10.1371/journal.pone.0179634
                5513413
                28715487
                1069f05b-e371-4d0f-a9a4-53306b11c74b
                © 2017 Ramezani Tehrani et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 30 March 2017
                : 1 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, Pages: 13
                Funding
                The study is funded by the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (Iran). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Androgens
                Testosterone
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Lipid Hormones
                Testosterone
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Sex Hormones
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Adults
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Developmental Biology
                Organism Development
                Aging
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Aging
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Aging
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Cellular Types
                Animal Cells
                Epithelial Cells
                Sertoli Cells
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Epithelium
                Epithelial Cells
                Sertoli Cells
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Biological Tissue
                Epithelium
                Epithelial Cells
                Sertoli Cells
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Peptide Hormones
                Luteinizing Hormone
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Custom metadata
                Data are available from Figshare (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5082118.).

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