Establishment of dsDNA-dsDNA interactions by the condensin complex

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Summary

Condensin is a structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex family member thought to build mitotic chromosomes by DNA loop extrusion. However, condensin variants unable to extrude loops, yet proficient in chromosome formation, were recently described. Here, we explore how condensin might alternatively build chromosomes. Using bulk biochemical and single-molecule experiments with purified fission yeast condensin, we observe that individual condensins sequentially and topologically entrap two double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs). Condensin loading transitions through a state requiring DNA bending, as proposed for the related cohesin complex. While cohesin then favors the capture of a second single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), second dsDNA capture emerges as a defining feature of condensin. We provide complementary in vivo evidence for DNA-DNA capture in the form of condensin-dependent chromatin contacts within, as well as between, chromosomes. Our results support a “diffusion capture” model in which condensin acts in mitotic chromosome formation by sequential dsDNA-dsDNA capture.

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Fiji is a distribution of the popular open-source software ImageJ focused on biological-image analysis. Fiji uses modern software engineering practices to combine powerful software libraries with a broad range of scripting languages to enable rapid prototyping of image-processing algorithms. Fiji facilitates the transformation of new algorithms into ImageJ plugins that can be shared with end users through an integrated update system. We propose Fiji as a platform for productive collaboration between computer science and biology research communities.

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UCSF Chimera--a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis.

Eric F. Pettersen, Thomas D Goddard, Conrad C Huang … (2004)

The design, implementation, and capabilities of an extensible visualization system, UCSF Chimera, are discussed. Chimera is segmented into a core that provides basic services and visualization, and extensions that provide most higher level functionality. This architecture ensures that the extension mechanism satisfies the demands of outside developers who wish to incorporate new features. Two unusual extensions are presented: Multiscale, which adds the ability to visualize large-scale molecular assemblies such as viral coats, and Collaboratory, which allows researchers to share a Chimera session interactively despite being at separate locales. Other extensions include Multalign Viewer, for showing multiple sequence alignments and associated structures; ViewDock, for screening docked ligand orientations; Movie, for replaying molecular dynamics trajectories; and Volume Viewer, for display and analysis of volumetric data. A discussion of the usage of Chimera in real-world situations is given, along with anticipated future directions. Chimera includes full user documentation, is free to academic and nonprofit users, and is available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple Mac OS X, SGI IRIX, and HP Tru64 Unix from http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/. Copyright 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9802571

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mol Cell

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mol Cell

Title: Molecular cell

ISSN (Print): 1097-2765

ISSN (Electronic): 1097-4164

Publication date (Print): 02 November 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 10 October 2023

Publication date Nihms-submitted: 21 February 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 29 February 2024

Volume: 83

Issue: 21

Pages: 3787-3800.e9

Affiliations

[1 ]Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK

[2 ]Mechanobiology and Biophysics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK

[3 ]Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK

[4 ]Division of Genome Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan

[5 ]Bioanalytics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany

[6 ]Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK

[7 ]Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA

[8 ]Cell Biology Centre, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0026, Japan

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: frank.uhlmann@ 123456crick.ac.uk

[9]

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Article

Manuscript ID: EMS194253

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.019

PMC ID: 10842940

PubMed ID: 37820734

SO-VID: 10746b2e-f355-4529-9999-4b172f894c42

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This work is licensed under a BY 4.0 International license.

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