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      Recuperación estructural en bosques sucesionales andinos de Porce (Antioquia, Colombia)

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          Abstract

          Lugares susceptibles a perturbaciones naturales o antrópicas pueden recuperar la cobertura boscosa. La sucesión tropical puede ser afectada por factores tales como perturbaciones, distancia al bosque original, topografía y clima local. Estos factores determinan la composición de especies y la tasa de recuperación de los sitios. Se estudió la sucesión en suelos que habían sido usados para el establecimiento de pasturas ganaderas por varias décadas en la Región Porce de Colombia (bosques Colombianos de los Andes). Se midieron un total de veinticinco parcelas, incluyendo nueve parcelas (20x50m) en bosques primarios y dieciséis (20x25m) en bosques secundarios. Se midieron todos los árboles con un diámetro ≥1.0cm. Se analizó la densidad, área basal, biomasa aérea y riqueza de especies, en un bosque con un proceso sucesional de ca. 43 años y en un bosque primario. Las edades de los bosques secundarios fueron obtenidas en estudios previos usando la datación con carbono catorce (C14), fotografías aéreas y el análisis de imágenes de satélite de alta resolución (entre 7 y >43 años). En total, 1 143 y 1 766 individuos se midieron en bosque primario y secundario, respectivamente. El área basal (5.7 a 85.4m²ha-1), la biomasa aérea (19.1 a 1 011.5 t ha-1) y la riqueza de especies (4 a 69) aumentaron directamente con la edad de los sitios, mientras que la densidad de árboles disminuyó (3 180 a 590). Las distribuciones diamétricas fueron en J-invertida para los bosques primarios y unimodal para los secundarios. Tres especies de palmas fueron abundantes y exclusivas de bosques secundarios viejos y bosques primarios: Oenocarpus mapora, Euterpe precatoria y Oenocarpus bataua. Cohortes de estas palmas aparecieron después de perturbaciones del bosque. La recuperación de la estructura de los bosques secundarios en más de 43 años de sucesión fue 40% e indica que varios factores están interactuando y afectando la sucesión de los bosques en el área (e.g. agricultura, ganadería extensiva, minería, etc.).

          Translated abstract

          Structural recovering in Andean successional forests from Porce (Antioquia, Colombia). Places subjected to natural or human disturbance can recover forest through an ecological process called secondary succession. Tropical succession is affected by factors such as disturbances, distance from original forest, surface configuration and local climate. These factors determine the composition of species and the time trend of the succession itself. We studied succession in soils used for cattle ranching over various decades in the Porce Region of Colombia (Andean Colombian forests). A set of twenty five permanent plots was measured, including nine plots (20x50m) in primary forests and sixteen (20x25m) in secondary forests. All trees with diameter ≥1.0cm were measured. We analyzed stem density, basal area, above-ground biomass and species richness, in a successional process of ca. 43 years, and in primary forests. The secondary forests’ age was estimated in previous studies, using radiocarbon dating, aerial photographs and a high-resolution satellite image analysis (7 to >43 years). In total, 1 143 and 1 766 stems were measured in primary and secondary forests, respectively. Basal area (5.7 to 85.4m²ha-1), above-ground biomass (19.1 to 1 011.5 t ha-1) and species richness (4 to 69) directly increased with site age, while steam density decreased (3 180 to 590). Diametric distributions were "J-inverted" for primary forests and even-aged size-class structures for secondary forests. Three species of palms were abundant and exclusive in old secondary forests and primary forests: Oenocarpus mapora, Euterpe precatoria and Oenocarpus bataua. These palms happened in cohorts after forest disturbances. Secondary forest structure was 40% in more than 43 years of forest succession and indicate that many factors are interacting and affecting the forests succession in the area (e.g. agriculture, cattle ranching, mining, etc.). Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 427-445. Epub 2010 March 01.

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          Most cited references59

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          Neotropical secondary forest succession: changes in structural and functional characteristics

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            Tropical secondary forests

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              Pattern and process in neotropical secondary rain forests: the first 100 years of succession.

              B Finegan (1996)
              More and more areas of deforested wet tropical lands are being handed back to nature as their erstwhile owners abandon attempts to farm them. The resulting secondary successions offer hope that some of the unique characteristics of the original rain forests may be recovered and conserved. However, most of our understanding of what secondary tropical rain forests are and how and why they develop is limited to the first decade of a process that may last for centuries. A longer-term view indicates that the causes of change in neotropical secondary successions are similar to those operating in temperate forests, but yields sobering conclusions for conservation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José )
                0034-7744
                March 2010
                : 58
                : 1
                : 427-445
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Cambio Global-Carbono & Bosques Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                Article
                S0034-77442010000100031
                108ea614-1ef1-482f-8252-5286957a19d1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7744&lng=en
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation
                Biology

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology
                above-ground biomass,diametric structure,primary forests,secondary forests,vegetal succession,biomasa aérea,bosques primarios tropicales,bosques secundarios tropicales,estructura diamétrica,sucesión vegetal

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