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      Do healthy preterm children have behavior problems? Translated title: ¿Los niños prematuros saludables tienen problemas de conducta?

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Background/Objective In this study, the behavior problems of healthy preterm and full-term children will be compared. The effect of environmental and neonatal conditions on the rate of behavior problems, paying special attention to maternal depression and parental stress, will also be studied. Previous studies found significantly higher prevalence rates of total problems in preterm children. Most of these studies were carried out with preterm children under 32 weeks of gestational age. In contrast, some studies carried out with moderately preterm children found no significant difference. Method: We assessed 108 low risk preterm children and 33 full-term children through the Child Behavior Checklist when they were 5 years-old. Their mothers` stress and depression were also assessed. Results: No significant difference was found between the preterm and the full-term groups for overall internalizing or externalizing behavior problems, or for more fine-grained behavior problems such as anxiety, attention or aggression. No effect of gestational age was found on the rate of behavior problems. In contrast maternal stress, but not maternal depression, was a strong predictor of behavior problems. Conclusions: These results indicate that behavior problems are not characteristic of preterm children as a group, but only of very or extremely preterm children.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Objetivo: En este estudio, se compararán los problemas de comportamiento de los niños prematuros sanos y a término. También se estudiará el efecto de las condiciones ambientales y neonatales en la tasa de problemas de comportamiento, prestando especial atención a la depresión materna y al estrés de los padres. Estudios anteriores encontraron tasas de prevalencia significativamente mayores de problemas totales en niños prematuros. La mayoría de estos estudios se llevaron a cabo con niños prematuros menores de 32 semanas de edad gestacional. En contraste, algunos estudios realizados con niños moderadamente prematuros no encontraron diferencias significativas. Método: Evaluamos 108 niños prematuros de bajo riesgo y 33 niños de término completo a través del Child Behavior Checklist cuando tenían 5 años de edad. El estrés y la depresión de sus madres también fueron evaluados. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos prematuros y los de término completo en cuanto a la internalización o la externalización general de los problemas de conducta, ni a los problemas de conducta más específicos, como la ansiedad, la atención o la agresión. No se encontró ningún efecto de la edad gestacional en la tasa de problemas de conducta. En contraste, el estrés materno, pero no la depresión materna, fue un fuerte predictor de problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Estos resultados indican que los problemas de conducta no son característicos de los niños prematuros como grupo, sino solo de los niños muy o extremadamente prematuros.

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          The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

          L Radloff (1977)
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            Born Too Soon: The global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births

            This second paper in the Born Too Soon supplement presents a review of the epidemiology of preterm birth, and its burden globally, including priorities for action to improve the data. Worldwide an estimated 11.1% of all livebirths in 2010 were born preterm (14.9 million babies born before 37 weeks of gestation), with preterm birth rates increasing in most countries with reliable trend data. Direct complications of preterm birth account for one million deaths each year, and preterm birth is a risk factor in over 50% of all neonatal deaths. In addition, preterm birth can result in a range of long-term complications in survivors, with the frequency and severity of adverse outcomes rising with decreasing gestational age and decreasing quality of care. The economic costs of preterm birth are large in terms of immediate neonatal intensive care, ongoing long-term complex health needs, as well as lost economic productivity. Preterm birth is a syndrome with a variety of causes and underlying factors usually divided into spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm births. Consistent recording of all pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths, and standard application of preterm definitions is important in all settings to advance both the understanding and the monitoring of trends. Context specific innovative solutions to prevent preterm birth and hence reduce preterm birth rates all around the world are urgently needed. Strengthened data systems are required to adequately track trends in preterm birth rates and program effectiveness. These efforts must be coupled with action now to implement improved antenatal, obstetric and newborn care to increase survival and reduce disability amongst those born too soon. Declaration This article is part of a supplement jointly funded by Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives programme through a grant from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and March of Dimes Foundation and published in collaboration with the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and the World Health Organization (WHO). The original article was published in PDF format in the WHO Report "Born Too Soon: the global action report on preterm birth" (ISBN 978 92 4 150343 30), which involved collaboration from more than 50 organizations. The article has been reformatted for journal publication and has undergone peer review according to Reproductive Health's standard process for supplements and may feature some variations in content when compared to the original report. This co-publication makes the article available to the community in a full-text format.
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              Preterm birth and behaviour problems in infants and preschool-age children: a review of the recent literature.

              The behaviour problems of children born preterm at school age are well known, but there have been few studies on the behaviour problems of preterm-born infants during infancy and at preschool age. Fourteen cohort studies published in PubMed and PsycINFO between 2000 and 2012 were reviewed with a focus on the type, occurrence, comorbidity, stability, prediction, perinatal, social, and relational risk factors for behaviour problems of preterm-born children in infancy (0-2y) and at preschool age (3-5y). The relational risk factor was considered in an additional four papers. Very-preterm, very-low-birthweight, and moderately-preterm children, in both age groups, show more behaviour problems than term-born comparison children even after perinatal and social risk factors and cognitive performance have been controlled for. Poor social/interactive skills, poor behavioural and emotional self-regulation, emotional difficulties, and reduced attention are the most common behaviour problems. Behaviour problems in infancy are predictive of later behaviour problems and they should be included in follow-up programmes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                2019
                : 35
                : 3
                : 397-404
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversity of Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Department of Developmental Psychology Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282019000300006 S0212-9728(19)03500300006
                10.6018/analesps.35.3.332531
                10a3de0c-937f-47e1-a152-f369fb819b8e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 May 2018
                : 26 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Developmental and Educational Psychology

                factores predictivos,problemas de comportamiento,predictive factors,estrés de los padres,behavior problems,niños prematuros,preterm children,parental stress

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