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      Childhood tuberculosis incidence in Southeast Brazil, 1996 Translated title: Incidência da tuberculose na infância no Sudeste do Brasil, no ano de 1996

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          Abstract

          This study aims to describe childhood tuberculosis incidence in Southeast Brazil in 1996. It is a descriptive study based on secondary records from the Tuberculosis Division of the São Paulo State Health Department. The study area includes 40 cities, has some 1,800,000 inhabitants, and is located between São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the largest cities in Brazil. The study included cases up to 15 years of age. Independent variables were: sex, age, type of case, clinical presentation, radiology, AFB microscopy, HIV antibody tests, and method of discovery. The incidence rate in this age bracket was 10.4/100,000. Pulmonary manifestations were the most common, and control of contacts was the most common method of case discovery. AFB microscopy was performed in 18.6% of the cases and HIV testing was done in 14.9%. Incidence in this study was higher than for the State of São Paulo as a whole. Poor socioeconomic level, deterioration of public health services, treatment dropout by adults and their persistence as sputum-positive carriers, and flaws in case reporting and follow-up could explain these results.

          Translated abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a incidência de tuberculose na infância, no Sudeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com dados secundários obtidos junto à Divisão de Tuberculose da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo, relativos ao ano de 1996. A região estudada é composta por quarenta municípios, com população estimada em 1.800.000 habitantes e localizada entre São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade, tipo de caso, forma clínica, tipo de descoberta e resultados dos exames radiológicos, de baciloscopia e do teste anti-HIV. Foram incluídos pacientes com até 15 anos de idade. A incidência de tuberculose encontrada nesta faixa etária foi de 10,4/100 mil habitantes. A forma pulmonar foi a mais freqüentemente encontrada e o tipo de descoberta de casos novos mais importante foi por meio de busca de comunicantes. A pesquisa de BK no escarro foi realizada em 18,6% dos casos e o teste anti-HIV, em 14,9%. A incidência encontrada neste estudo está acima da do Estado de São Paulo. As possíveis causas seriam piora da situação sócio-econômica, piora dos serviços de saúde, abandono do tratamento por parte do adulto bacilífero e falhas na notificação e no seguimento dos doentes.

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          Tuberculosis in developing countries: burden, intervention and cost.

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            Age transition of tuberculosis incidence and mortality in Brazil

            OBJECTIVE: Before the Aids pandemic, demographic transition and control programs prompted a shift in the age of incidence of tuberculosis from adults to older people in many countries. The objective of the study is to evaluate this transition in Brazil. METHODS: Tuberculosis incidence and mortality data from the Ministry of Health and population data from the Brazilian Bureau of Statistics were used to calculate age-specific incidence and mortality rates and medians. RESULTS: Among reported cases, the proportion of older people increased from 10.5% to 12% and the median age from 38 to 41 years between the period of 1986 and 1996. The smallest decrease in the incidence rate occurred in the 30--49 and 60+ age groups. The median age of death increased from 53 to 55 years between 1980 and 1996. The general decline in mortality rates from 1986 to 1991 became less evident in the 30+ age group during the period of 1991 to 1996. A direct correlation between age and mortality rates was observed. The largest proportion of bacteriologically unconfirmed cases occurred in older individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of tuberculosis has begun to shift to the older population. This shift results from the decline in the annual risk of infection as well as the demographic transition. An increase in reactivation tuberculosis in older people is expected, since this population will grow from 5% to 14% of the Brazilian population over the next 50 years. A progressive reduction in HIV-related cases in adults will most likely occur. The difficulty in diagnosing tuberculosis in old age leads to increased mortality.
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              Epidemiologia da tuberculose infantil na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ

              De um estudo sobre tendência epidemiológica da tuberculose infantil no Município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, foram extraídos dados importantes observados na população estudada. Os resultados mostraram aumento da incidência de tuberculose infantil no município, com indicadores epidemiológicos muito acima da média do País.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                December 2004
                : 20
                : 6
                : 1749-1752
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Faculdade de Medicina de Taubaté Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2004000600036
                10.1590/S0102-311X2004000600036
                10be5e99-5f94-41e0-bca9-c54fb0a61000

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Tuberculosis,Incidence,Child Health,Tuberculose,Incidência,Saúde Infantil
                Public health
                Tuberculosis, Incidence, Child Health, Tuberculose, Incidência, Saúde Infantil

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