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      Influence of lifestyle factors on Body Mass Index in preschoolers in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, 2016

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          Abstract

          Background and aim

          The body mass index (BMI) of Iranian preschoolers is noticeably increasing. Thus, studying the factors influencing BMI in preschool children is crucial. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of lifestyle factors on BMI of preschool children, residing in Behbahan city, southwest Iran, in 2016.

          Methods

          A total of 120 preschool children, aged 4 to 6 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Multi-stage random sampling was done. Using researcher-developed questionnaires whose validity and reliability was confirmed, demographic and lifestyle data were obtained, as the questionnaires were completed by the subject’s mothers. Lifestyle factors included physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sugar-free beverage intake, and screen time. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to analyze the influence of lifestyle-related behaviors on BMI. Data were analyzed by means of the SPSS 22 software and p<0.05 was resulted as the meaningful level of statistics.

          Results

          The average BMI values for children was 15.13±1.90 kg/m2. A total of 88.3% of children did not receive 5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. Also, 12.5% consumed more than one serving of sweetened beverages per day. Only 2.5% engaged in 60 minutes of structured physical activity every day and 40% did not limit screen-time viewing to 2 hours per day or less. The findings indicated that the physical activity and screen time affected the BMI (p<0.05), and the duration of physical activity had inverse relationship with obesity, and screen time was directly related to obesity.

          Conclusion

          Understanding the factors affecting the BMI of preschool children can inform the development of interventions to impact children’s weight-related behavior and it can be used as the basis for future healthy body weight policies. Efforts to lower the obesity rate of preschoolers should be focused on the lifestyle behaviors, especially on the physical activity and screen time.

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          The impact of obesity on health-related quality-of-life in the general adult US population.

          Haomiao Jia, Erica I Lubetkin (2005)
          The US Preventive Services Task Force recently recommended screening all adult patients for obesity due in part to the strong association between obesity and numerous chronic diseases. However, how obesity affects health-related quality-of-life (HRQL), particularly for persons without any chronic diseases, is less clear. The relationship between obesity and HRQL was examined using data from the 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Respondents > or =18 years were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II obesity based on their BMI. HRQL was measured by the 12-item Short Form physical and mental summary scores (PCS-12 and MCS-12, respectively) and EuroQol EQ-5D index and visual analogue scale (EQ VAS). The impact of obesity on HRQL was examined through multivariate regression, adjusting for sociodemographics and disease status. After adjustment, HRQL decreased with increasing level of obesity. Compared to normal weight respondents, persons with severe obesity had significantly lower scores with scores on the PCS-12, MCS-12, EQ-5D index, and EQ VAS being 4.0, 1.1, 0.073, and 4.8 points lower, respectively. Such decrements of HRQL for severe obesity were similar to the decrements seen for diabetes or hypertension. Persons with moderate obesity or who were overweight also had significantly lower HRQL scores, particularly on the PCS-12 and EQ-5D index. Underweight persons also had lower MCS-12 and EQ VAS scores. Persons with obesity had significantly lower HRQL than those who were normal weight and such lower scores were seen even for persons without chronic diseases known to be linked to obesity.
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            Prevention of Overweight and Obesity: How Effective is the Current Public Health Approach

            Ruth Chan, Jean Woo (2010)
            Obesity is a public health problem that has become epidemic worldwide. Substantial literature has emerged to show that overweight and obesity are major causes of co-morbidities, including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, various cancers and other health problems, which can lead to further morbidity and mortality. The related health care costs are also substantial. Therefore, a public health approach to develop population-based strategies for the prevention of excess weight gain is of great importance. However, public health intervention programs have had limited success in tackling the rising prevalence of obesity. This paper reviews the definition of overweight and obesity and the variations with age and ethnicity; health consequences and factors contributing to the development of obesity; and critically reviews the effectiveness of current public health strategies for risk factor reduction and obesity prevention.
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              Physical environmental correlates of childhood obesity: a systematic review.

              G F Dunton, J. Kaplan, J Wolch … (2009)
              Increasing rates of childhood obesity in the USA and other Western countries are a cause for serious public health concern. Neighborhood and community environments are thought to play a contributing role in the development of obesity among youth, but it is not well understood which types of physical environmental characteristics have the most potential to influence obesity outcomes. This paper reports the results of a systematic review of quantitative research examining built and biophysical environmental variables associated with obesity in children and adolescents through physical activity. Literature searches in PubMed, PsychInfo and Geobase were conducted. Fifteen quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and published after 2005. Overall, few consistent findings emerged. For children, associations between physical environmental variables and obesity differed by gender, age, socioeconomic status, population density and whether reports were made by the parent or child. Access to equipment and facilities, neighborhood pattern (e.g. rural, exurban, suburban) and urban sprawl were associated with obesity outcomes in adolescents. For most environmental variables considered, strong empirical evidence is not yet available. Conceptual gaps, methodological limitations and future research directions are discussed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 95 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Electron Physician
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Electron Physician
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Electronic physician
                Title: Electronic Physician
                Publisher: Electronic physician
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-5842
                Publication date Collection: April 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 April 2018
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 6725-6732
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ph.D. Student of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Associate Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]Ph.D. of Health Education and Promotion, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [4 ]Ph.D. of Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [5 ]Ph.D. of Nutrition, Professor, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [6 ]Ph.D. of Maternal and Child Health, Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Associate Professor Dr. Roya Sadeghi, Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98.2188955888, Email: Sadeghir@ 123456tums.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: epj-10-6725
                DOI: 10.19082/6725
                PMC ID: 5984029
                SO-VID: 10e3493e-365e-43e6-86b1-849d1149d2d7
                Copyright © © 2018 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 30 July 2017
                Date accepted : 26 October 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: children,preschool,body mass index,lifestyle,health promotion program
                Data availability:
                Keywords: children, preschool, body mass index, lifestyle, health promotion program

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