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      Sciatic Nerve Palsy due to a Superior Gluteal Artery Pseudoaneurysm PostBone Marrow Biopsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Sciatic nerve radiculopathy can present as a result of intraspinal or extraspinal causes. Intraspinal disorders can be disk hernia, spinal trauma, tumors, or infection, whereas extraspinal cause representsa disorder outside the lumbar spine. A gluteal artery (GA)false aneurysm can potentially compress the sciatic nerve and causes radiculopathy, with subsequent motor and sensory deficits. This condition can result mainly from trauma or infection, but it can also be iatrogenic.

          Case Report:

          We report a case of an 85-year-old male with a left sciatic nerve palsy as a result of a superior GA pseudoaneurysm post bone marrow biopsy (BMP). A short review of the literature regarding this topic is presented as well. Only a small number of similar cases are reported in the literature.

          Conclusion:

          This case report emphasizes on the high suspicion index that the clinician should have managing a patient who suffers from sciatic nerve palsy with a history of a previous procedure around the pelvis’ area, such as BMP.

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          Most cited references15

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          Abdominal and pelvic aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms: imaging review with clinical, radiologic, and treatment correlation.

          Abnormally enlarged visceral arteries in the abdomen and pelvis must be recognized radiologically because early treatment can improve the quality of life and prevent life-threatening complications. These lesions, typically classified as aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms, are being detected more frequently with increased utilization of imaging and have various causes (eg, atherosclerosis, trauma, infection) and complications that may be identified radiologically. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging often enable detection of visceral vascular lesions, but angiography is important for further diagnosis and treatment. Endovascular treatment is often the first-line therapy. Endovascular intervention or open surgical repair is necessary for all visceral pseudoaneurysms and is likely indicated for visceral aneurysms 2 cm or more in diameter. Endovascular exclusion of flow can be achieved with coils, stents, and injectable liquids. Techniques include embolization ("sandwich" or "sac-packing" technique), exclusion of flow with luminal stents, and stent-assisted coil embolization. Management often depends on the location and technical feasibility of endovascular repair. Embolization is usually preferred for aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms within solid organs, and the sandwich technique is often used when collateral flow is present. Covered stent placement may be preferred to preserve the parent artery when main visceral vessels are being treated. It is usually tailored to lesion location, and a cure can often be effected while preserving end-organ arterial flow. Posttreatment follow-up is usually based on treatment location, modality accuracy, and potential consequences of treatment failure. Follow-up imaging may help identify vessel recanalization, unintended thrombosis of an artery or end organ, or sequelae of nontarget embolization. Retreatment is usually warranted if the clinical risks for which embolization was performed are still present.
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            The management of vascular injuries associated with total hip arthroplasty.

            Approximately 100,000 total hip reconstructions are done annually in the United States. The nature of the surgical technique in a field close to the iliac and femoral vessels makes the occurrence of vascular injury an occasional but serious complications. We have reviewed retrospectively our experience of five cases of vascular injuries with total hip replacement and an additional 63 cases in the literature to identify those patients at risk and to define the management of these injuries. For the entire group of 68 patients, most injuries were sustained on the left side (66%), and 39% were seen in revisions. Complications were related to cement incorporation of the iliac vessels (44%), aggressive medial retraction (17%), excessive traction on atherosclerotic vessels (10%), and improper technique in preparation of the acetabulum. The most commonly injured vessels were the external iliac artery (36), common femoral artery (17), and external iliac vein (6). Twenty-seven of these injuries required emergent surgery, most for hemorrhage (66%). Injuries consisted of thromboembolic complications leading to distal ischemia (46%), vessel lacerations (26%), pseudoaneurysms (25%), and arteriovenous fistulas (3%). Vascular repair was individualized and included suture repair, thrombectomy and patch angioplasty, embolectomy, and arterial and venous bypass procedures. There was an overall 7% mortality and a 15% incidence of limb loss. Risk factors include (1) revision procedures, (2) left-sided procedures, and (3) intrapelvic migration of the acetabular component of the hip prosthesis. Elective vascular workup and preliminary retroperitoneal exposure of the iliac vessels at time of hip arthroplasty is recommended for patients at risk.
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              Pseudoaneurysm of the superior gluteal artery following bone marrow biopsy.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Orthop Case Rep
                J Orthop Case Rep
                Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
                Indian Orthopaedic Research Group (India )
                2250-0685
                2321-3817
                Jul-Aug 2018
                : 8
                : 4
                : 74-77
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece
                [2 ]Department of Radiology, General Hospital Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece
                [3 ]Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
                [4 ]Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
                Author notes
                Address of Correspondence: Dr. Ioannis M. Stavrakakis, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Locum Consultant of Trauma and Orthopaedics, General Hospital Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece. Email: i.m.stavrakakis@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                JOCR-8-74
                10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1168
                6343557
                11115788-6f96-409f-bf15-61c1c8083986
                Copyright: © Indian Orthopaedic Research Group

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Case Report

                pseudoaneurysm,bone marrow biopsy,sciatica
                pseudoaneurysm, bone marrow biopsy, sciatica

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