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      Municipal solid waste management during COVID-19 pandemic: effects and repercussions

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          Abstract

          The COVID-19 pandemic has an adverse effect on the environment. This epidemic’s effect on the waste composition and management and the impacts of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) on disease transmission or controlling are considered a compelling experience of living in the COVID-19 pandemic that can effectively control the process. This systematic review research was conducted to determine the effects of COVID-19 on the quantity of waste and MSWM. Searches were conducted in three databases (using keywords covid 19, coronaviruses, and waste), and among the published articles from 2019 to 2021, 56 ones were selected containing information on the quantity and waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that COVID-19 caused the quantity variation and composition change of MSW. COVID-19 also has significant effects on waste recycling, medical waste management, quantity, and littered waste composition. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed waste compounds’ management activities and waste generation sources. Recognizing these issues can help plan MSWM more efficiently and reduce virus transmission risk through waste.

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          Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19

          Jiří Klemeš, Yee Van Fan, Raymond R. Tan … (2020)
          The COVID-19 pandemic has had growing environmental consequences related to plastic use and follow-up waste, but more urgent health issues have far overshadowed the potential impacts. This paper gives a prospective outlook on how the disruption caused by COVID-19 can act as a catalyst for short-term and long-term changes in plastic waste management practices throughout the world. The impact of the pandemic and epidemic following through the life cycles of various plastic products, particularly those needed for personal protection and healthcare, is assessed. The energy and environmental footprints of these product systems have increased rapidly in response to the surge in the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide, while critical hazardous waste management issues are emerging due to the need to ensure destruction of residual pathogens in household and medical waste. The concept of Plastic Waste Footprint (PWF) is proposed to capture the environmental footprint of a plastic product throughout its entire life cycle. Emerging challenges in waste management during and after the pandemic are discussed from the perspective of novel research and environmental policies. The sudden shift in waste composition and quantity highlights the need for a dynamically reponsive waste management system. Six future research directions are suggested to mitigate the potential impacts of the pandemic on waste management systems.
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            Covid-19 face masks: A potential source of microplastic fibers in the environment

            Oluniyi O. Fadare, Elvis D. Okoffo (2020)
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            Article 0 comments Cited 326 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              COVID Pollution: Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Plastic Waste Footprint

              Nsikak Benson, David E. Bassey, Thavamani Palanisami (2021)
              Plastic products play significant roles in protecting people during COVID pandemic. The widespread use of protective gear created a massive disruption both in the supply chain and waste disposal system. Millions of discarded single-use plastics (masks, gloves, aprons, and bottles of sanitizers) have been added to the terrestrial environment and could cause a surge in plastics washing up the ocean coastlines and littering the seabed. This paper attempts to bring out the environmental footprints of the global plastic wastes generated during COVID19 and analyse the potential impacts associated with plastic pollution. The amount of plastic wastes generated worldwide since the outbreak is estimated at 1.6 million tonnes/day. We estimate that approximately 3.4 billion single-use facemasks or face shields are discarded daily as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, globally. Our comprehensive data analysis does indicate that COVID-19 will reverse the momentum of a years-long global battle to reduce plastic waste. As governments are looking to turbo-charge the economy by supporting businesses weather the pandemic, there is an opportunity to rebuild new industries which can innovate on new reusable or non-plastic PPEs. The unanticipated occurrence of a pandemic of this scale has resulted in the unmanageable level of biomedical plastic wastes. This expert insight is an attempt to raise awareness, for the adoption of dynamic waste management strategies targeted at reducing environmental contamination by plastics during COVID19 pandemic.
              Article 0 comments Cited 162 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Javavd Torkashvand: torkashvand.j@iums.ac.ir , javad.torkashvand@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
                Title: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0944-1344
                ISSN (Electronic): 1614-7499
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 May 2021
                Pages: 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411746.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4911 7066, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, , Iran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [2 ]GRID grid.411705.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0166 0922, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [3 ]GRID grid.411746.1, ISNI 0000 0004 4911 7066, Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, , Iran University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                Author notes

                Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

                Article
                Publisher ID: 14214
                DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14214-9
                PMC ID: 8092713
                PubMed ID: 33942263
                SO-VID: 111f806f-3f8e-40d9-90ff-6c08ecc6ab35
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 16 February 2021
                Date accepted : 27 April 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: covid-19,solid waste management,pandemic,medical waste
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: General environmental science
                Keywords: covid-19, solid waste management, pandemic, medical waste

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