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      Moderating Effects of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in first-year undergraduate students Translated title: Efectos moderadores de la resistencia y el optimismo sobre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento en estudiantes de primer año de pregrado

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Introduction: This study analyzes the role of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in 228 first-year undergraduate students from Lorestan University (Iran). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy; and (2) to determine whether Hardiness and optimism moderates the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Method: This descriptive correlational study was conducted in the school year of 2016-17. In this study, at first we selected 228 students. Then the students completed the Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Kobasa's Hardiness Scale, and Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the moderating role of Hardiness and optimism. Results: Results reveal that there is a significant Relationship between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Hardiness and optimism was also a moderator in the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Conclusion: The findings supported the hypothesis that higher levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with higher levels of Coping Self-Efficacy, and that lower levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with lower levels of Coping Self-Efficacy. Finally, our results imply that Hardiness and optimism is an important moderator of student’s negative life events on Coping Self-Efficacy.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Introducción: Este estudio analiza el papel de la resistencia y el optimismo en los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento en 228 estudiantes universitarios de primer año de la Universidad de Lorestan (Irán). El objetivo del estudio era doble: (1) analizar las asociaciones entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos de vida negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento; y (2) determinar si la resistencia y el optimismo moderan la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Método: Este estudio correlacional descriptivo se realizó en el año escolar 2016-17. En este estudio, al principio seleccionamos 228 estudiantes. Luego, los estudiantes completaron el Cuestionario de Eventos de la Vida Adolescente (ALEQ), la Prueba de Orientación de la Vida revisada (LOT-R), la Escala de Resistencia de Kobasa y la Escala de Autoeficacia (CSE). Se utilizaron análisis jerárquicos de regresión lineal para examinar el papel moderador de la resistencia y el optimismo. Resultados: Los resultados revelan que existe una relación significativa entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos vitales negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento. La resistencia y el optimismo también fueron moderadores en la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Conclusión: Los hallazgos respaldaron la hipótesis de que niveles más altos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más altos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento, y que niveles más bajos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más bajos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Finalmente, nuestros resultados implican que la resistencia y el optimismo son un moderador importante de los eventos negativos de la vida del estudiante sobre la autoeficacia de afrontamiento.

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          Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory

          Presents a comprehensive theory of human motivation and action from a social-cognitive perspective. This insightful text addresses the prominent roles played by cognitive, vicarious, self-regulatory, and self-reflective processes in psychosocial functioning; emphasizes reciprocal causation through the interplay of cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors; and systematically applies the basic principles of this theory to personal and social change.
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            Stress, Appraisal, and Coping

            <p><b>The reissue of a classic work, now with a foreword by Daniel Goleman!</b><p>Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book <i>Psychological Stress and the Coping Process</i>. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation.</p> <p>As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages.</p> <p>This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.</p>
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              Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

              Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                December 2020
                : 36
                : 3
                : 451-456
                Affiliations
                [1] Khorramabad Lorestan orgnameLorestan University orgdiv1Faculty of Literature and Humanities Iran
                Article
                S0212-97282020000300010 S0212-9728(20)03600300010
                10.6018/analesps.36.3.402111
                11272992-78a1-464d-8ee0-833e1e873620

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 November 2019
                : 28 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Clinical and Health Psychology

                First-year undergraduate students,Resistencia,Estudiantes universitarios de primer año,Optimismo,Eventos negativos de la vida,Optimism,Iran,Coping Self-Efficacy,Irán,Negative life events,Hardiness,Autoeficacia de afrontamiento

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