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      Esquema ecológico aplicado a una restauración forestal en cárcavas de la Sierra de Ávila (centro de España) Translated title: An ecological framework applied to a forest restoration program on badlands in Sierra de Ávila (Central Spain)

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          Abstract

          La restauración ecológica de un bosque en un terreno desertificado y afectado por erosión grave es un proceso a largo plazo, que requiere un exhaustivo análisis de la estructura, composición y funcionamiento del bosque, y las actuaciones que lo dirijan hacia el ecosistema objetivo. Se ha analizado una restauración hidrológico-forestal de 50 años de antigüedad, en el centro de España, utilizando un esquema ecológico de restauración forestal, que comprende fundamentalmente una fase de rehabilitación de la cubierta forestal y otra de seguimiento. Aunque falta mucho tiempo aún para la recuperación del robledal-encinar natural, mediante el establecimiento de un bosque de pinos se ha conseguido la rehabilitación del ecosistema, lo que implica que se han solucionado casi totalmente los graves problemas de erosión en un corto periodo, y se ha actuado positivamente sobre los procesos edafogenéticos, en la reintroducción natural de brinzales de encina y roble, así como en la regularización del ciclo hidrológico.

          Translated abstract

          Ecological restoration of forest in desertified lands, where the soil has been seriously damaged by erosion, is a long-term process. Understanding this process requires an exhaustive analysis of the forest structure, composition and function, and the actions necessary to reach the appropriate ecosystem. We analyzed a fifty year-old hydrology-forest restoration in central Spain, using an ecological forest restoration framework with phases of forest cover rehabilitation and subsequent monitoring and follow-up. Although full recovery the previously existing oak forest is still a longer-term goal, the short-term establishment of a pine forest has helped to restore ecosystem function and to mitigate serious erosion problems. The establishment of pine forest allowed progress in reconstituting the soil, introducing native oak seedlings, and regulating the hydrological cycle.

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          Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands.

          Despite continued forest conversion and degradation, forest cover is increasing in countries across the globe. New forests are regenerating on former agricultural land, and forest plantations are being established for commercial and restoration purposes. Plantations and restored forests can improve ecosystem services and enhance biodiversity conservation, but will not match the composition and structure of the original forest cover. Approaches to restoring forest ecosystems depend strongly on levels of forest and soil degradation, residual vegetation, and desired restoration outcomes. Opportunities abound to combine ambitious forest restoration and regeneration goals with sustainable rural livelihoods and community participation. New forests will require adaptive management as dynamic, resilient systems that can withstand stresses of climate change, habitat fragmentation, and other anthropogenic effects.
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            Beyond species: functional diversity and the maintenance of ecological processes and services

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              The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting Hydrologic Services

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mb
                Madera y bosques
                Madera bosques
                Instituto de Ecología A.C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico )
                1405-0471
                2448-7597
                June 2015
                : 21
                : 1
                : 11-19
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia orgdiv1Unidad de Hidráulica e Hidrología
                [03] Valladolid orgnameUniversidad de Valladolid España
                [01] Avila orgnameUniversidad Católica de Avila orgdiv1Grupo de Hidrología y Conservación España jorge.mongil@ 123456ucavila.es
                Article
                S1405-04712015000100002 S1405-0471(15)02100100002
                11308973-6ab2-4051-be29-95b07c5dafa9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 November 2014
                : 01 March 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de actualidad

                ecohydrology,erosion,afforestation,restoration ecology,dinámica vegetal,ecohidrología,erosión,reforestación,restauración ecológica,vegetation dynamics

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