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      Cuestiones abiertas en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías en la evaluación psicológica Translated title: Open questions in the use of new technologies in psychological assessment

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          Abstract

          La aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías (NNTT) a la evaluación psicológica puede ampliar enormemente la capacidad de los profesionales para evaluar de forma más precisa y exhaustiva y agilizar los procesos de recogida y análisis de información. Para poder acceder a estas ventajas hay que considerar también los costes, desafíos y amenazas potenciales derivados de la implantación de estos nuevos sistemas de evaluación. Con este objetivo, en este trabajo se abordará en primer lugar en qué grado los profesionales de la psicología, los usuarios y las organizaciones están preparados para adoptar el uso de las NNTT. A continuación, se comentará el impacto que la aplicación de la tecnología está teniendo en los propios instrumentos y en el papel que los profesionales desempeñan. Tras este punto, se cuestionará en qué grado puede darse una cierta fascinación por las NNTT que ciega el análisis de los criterios psicométricos esenciales para cualquier medida. Finalmente, se apuntarán algunos desafíos que los creadores y editores de test deben afrontar durante el desarrollo de instrumentos basados en NNTT.

          Translated abstract

          The application of new technologies to the field of psychological assessment can greatly enhance the ability of professionals to carry out assessments more accurately and comprehensively and to streamline the processes of collecting and analyzing information. In order to access these benefits, the costs, challenges, and potential threats associated with the implementation of new assessment systems must also be considered. To this end, this paper will first address the extent to which psychology professionals, users, and organizations are prepared to adopt the use of new technologies. Then, we will discuss the impact that the application of technology is having on the instruments themselves and on the role that professionals play during the process. After this, we will question the extent to which a certain fascination with technology can blind the analysis of the essential psychometric criteria for any measurement. Finally, we will identify some of the challenges that test developers and publishers must face during the development of instruments based on new technologies.

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          Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

          Socioeconomic inequalities in health are an important topic in social sciences and public health research. However, little is known about socioeconomic disparities and mental health problems in childhood and adolescence. This study systematically reviews publications on the relationships between various commonly used indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes for children and adolescents aged four to 18 years. Studies published in English or German between 1990 and 2011 were included if they reported at least one marker of socioeconomic status (an index or indicators, e.g., household income, poverty, parental education, parental occupation status, or family affluence) and identified mental health problems using validated instruments. In total, 55 published studies met the inclusion criteria, and 52 studies indicated an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health problems in children and adolescents. Socioeconomically disadvantaged children and adolescents were two to three times more likely to develop mental health problems. Low socioeconomic status that persisted over time was strongly related to higher rates of mental health problems. A decrease in socioeconomic status was associated with increasing mental health problems. The strength of the correlation varied with age and with different indicators of socioeconomic status, whereas heterogeneous findings were reported for gender and types of mental health problems. The included studies indicated that the theoretical approaches of social causation and classical selection are not mutually exclusive across generations and specific mental health problems; these processes create a cycle of deprivation and mental health problems. The review draws attention to the diversity of measures used to evaluate socioeconomic status, which might have influenced the comparability of international epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for individual-level early childhood interventions as well as a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities at a societal level to improve mental health in childhood and adolescence. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Socioeconomic status, stressful life situations and mental health problems in children and adolescents: Results of the German BELLA cohort-study

            Aim Children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status (SES) suffer from mental health problems more often than their peers with high SES. The aim of the current study was to investigate the direct and interactive association between commonly used indicators of SES and the exposure to stressful life situations in relation to children’s mental health problems. Methods The prospective BELLA cohort study is the mental health module of the representative, population-based German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS). Sample data include 2,111 participants (aged 7–17 years at baseline) from the first three measurement points (2003–2006, 2004–2007 and 2005–2008). Hierarchical multiple linear regression models were conducted to analyze associations among the SES indicators household income, parental education and parental unemployment (assessed at baseline), number of stressful life situations (e.g., parental accident, mental illness or severe financial crises; 1- and 2-year follow-ups) and parent-reported mental health problems (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire; 2-year follow-up). Results All indicators of SES separately predicted mental health problems in children and adolescents at the 2-year follow-up. Stressful life situations (between baseline and 2-year follow-up) and the interaction of parental education and the number of stressful life situations remained significant in predicting children’s mental health problems after adjustment for control variables. Thereby, children with higher educated parents showed fewer mental health problems in a stressful life situation. No moderating effect was found for household income and parental employment. Overall, the detected effect sizes were small. Mental health problems at baseline were the best predictor for mental health problems two years later. Conclusions Children and adolescents with a low SES suffer from multiple stressful life situations and are exposed to a higher risk of developing mental health problems. The findings suggest that the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities and interventions for families with low parental education might help to reduce children’s mental health problems.
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              Diccionario de la lengua española

              (2014)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pappsicol
                Papeles del Psicólogo
                Pap. Psicol.
                Consejo General de Colegios Oficiales de Psicólogos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0214-7823
                1886-1415
                April 2022
                : 43
                : 1
                : 48-54
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameDepartamento de I+D+i de Hogrefe TEA Ediciones España
                Article
                S0214-78232022000100007 S0214-7823(22)04300100007
                10.23923/pap.psicol.2984
                11324fa0-50a1-4945-b4bd-89c77fc4d9c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 November 2021
                : 21 December 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Sección Monográfica

                ICT,Evaluación,Test,Tecnología,TIC,Assessment,Technology
                ICT, Evaluación, Test, Tecnología, TIC, Assessment, Technology

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