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      Imagen corporal y obesidad mediante las Siluetas de Stunkard en niños y adolescentes indios de 8 a 15 años Translated title: Body image and obesity by Stunkard's Silhouettes in 8- to 15-year-old Indian children and adolescents Translated title: Imagem corporal e obesidade mediante as Silhuetas de Stunkard em crianças e adolescentes indianos de 8 a 15 anos

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Este artículo se centra en estudiar la imagen corporal y la sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso y obesidad) en niños y adolescente de India. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 395 participantes de 8-15 años (12,16 ± 2,01) de Karbi Anglong, Assam (212 de sexo masculino y 183 de sexo femenino). El instrumento utilizado fue el de las siluetas de Stunkard et al. El 37.3% de hombres y el 22,4% de mujeres fueron clasificados en la categoría de sobrepeso/obesidad ( χ 1 2 =13,033; p=,001; d=0,63). Respecto a la imagen corporal, el 82,3% presentó insatisfacción con su cuerpo, destacando aquellos a los que les gustaría ser más grandes (hombres 62,7% y mujeres 49,7%). Por tanto, el problema de la insatisfacción corporal tuvo una mayor prevalencia que el problema fisiológico de la obesidad. Se recomienda implementar programas de actividad física para mejorar la imagen corporal y la composición corporal de los niños y adolescentes de Assam.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The present study focused on the study of body image and overweight and obesity in Indian children and adolescents. This investigation involved 395 participants (212 males and 183 females) from Karbi Anglong, Assam, aged between 8 and 15 years (12.16 ± 2.01). The instrument used was Stunkard's et al. silhouettes. 37.3% men and 22.4% women were classified as overweight/obese ( χ 1 2 =13.033; p=.001; d=0.63). Regarding body image, 82.3% were dissatisfied with their body, highlighting those who would like to be larger (men 62.7% and women 49.7%). Therefore, the problem of body dissatisfaction had a higher prevalence than the physiological problem of obesity. It is recommended to implement physical activity programs to improve body image and body composition of children and adolescents in Assam.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Este artigo centra-se no estudo da imagem corporal e do excesso de peso (sobrepeso e obesidade) em crianças e adolescentes na India. A amostra foiconstituída por 395 participantes de 8-15 anos (12,16 ± 2,01) de Karbi Anglong, Assam (212 homens e 183 mulheres). O instrumento utilizado foram as silhuetas de Stunkard et al. 37,3% dos homens e 22,4% das mulheres foram classificados na categoria de sobrepeso/obesidade ( χ 1 2 =13,033; p=,001; d=0,63). Em relação à imagem corporal, 82,3% mostraram insatisfação com o seu corpo, destacando aqueles que gostariam de ser maiores (homens 62,7% e mulheres 49,7%). Portanto, o problema da insatisfação corporal teve maior prevalência do que o problema fisiológico da obesidade. Recomenda-se a implementação de programas de atividade física para melhorar a imagem corporal e a composição corporal das crianças e adolescentes de Assam.

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          Relating body mass index to figural stimuli: population-based normative data for Caucasians.

          To establish body mass index (BMI) norms for standard figural stimuli using a large Caucasian population-based sample. In addition, we sought to determine the effectiveness of the figural stimuli to identify individuals as obese or thin. All Caucasian twins born in Virginia between 1915 and 1971 were identified by public birth record. In addition, 3347 individual twins responded to a letter published in the newsletter of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). All adult twins (aged 18 and over) from both of these sources and their family members were mailed a 16 page 'Health and Lifestyle' questionnaire. BMI and silhouette data were available on 16 728 females and 11 366 males ranging in age from 18-100. Self-report information on height-weight, current body size, desired body size and a discrepancy score using standard figural stimuli. Gender- and age-specific norms are presented linking BMI to each of the figural stimuli. Additional norms for desired body size and discrepancy scores are also presented. Receiver operating curves (ROC) indicate that the figural stimuli are effective in classifying individuals as obese or thin. With the establishment of these norms, the silhouettes used in standard body image assessment can now be linked to BMI. Differences were observed between women and men in terms of desired body size and discrepancy scores, with women preferring smaller sizes. The figural stimuli are a robust technique for classifying individuals as obese or thin.
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            Improving the body image, eating attitudes, and behaviors of young male and female adolescents: a new educational approach that focuses on self-esteem.

            This study examines the effect of an interactive, school-based, self-esteem education program on the body image and eating attitudes and behaviors of young male and female adolescents following the program and after 12 months. All 470 eligible students (63% female) aged 11-14 years volunteered to participate. The intervention group students participated in the program, whereas the control group students received their scheduled personal development and health class. The program significantly improved the body satisfaction of the intervention students and significantly changed aspects of their self-esteem; social acceptance, physical appearance, and athletic ability became less important for the intervention students and more important for control students. Female intervention students rated their physical appearance as perceived by others significantly higher than control students and allowed their body weight to increase appropriately by preventing the age increase in weight-losing behaviors of the control students. One year after the intervention, body image and attitude changes were still present. These findings also held for the 116 students (63% females) with low self-esteem and higher anxiety, who were considered at risk for the development of eating disorders. These students also had significantly lower drive for thinness and greater body satisfaction following the intervention and the decreased importance of physical appearance to their self-esteem was present at 12 months. Control at-risk students significantly decreased their body weight, whereas the weight of the intervention at-risk students significantly increased. The intervention program was effective, safe, having no effect on measures of students' anxiety or depression, and was rated highly by students. This is the first controlled educational intervention to successfully improve body image and to produce long-term changes in the attitudes and self-image of young adolescents. This new approach to prevent the development of eating disorders by improving self-esteem may be effective, particularly if reinforced by teachers and family. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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              Nutrition transition and global dietary trends

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                2019
                : 19
                : 1
                : 19-31
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversity of Macau orgdiv1Faculty of Education China
                [1] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte Spain
                Article
                S1578-84232019000100019 S1578-8423(19)01900100019
                10.6018/cpd.335621
                11346d71-6af5-48af-8da6-e08b0183890c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 November 2018
                : 27 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Psicología del Deporte

                composición corporal.,body dissatisfaction,composição corporal,insatisfação corporal,Auto-concepto físico,Physical self-concept,sobrepeso,excess weight,body composition,insatisfacción corporal,Auto-conceito físico

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