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      Corn germ with pericarp in relation to whole corn: nutrient contents, food and protein efficiency, and protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score Translated title: Gérmen de milho com pericarpo em relação ao milho inteiro: conteúdo em nutrientes, eficácia alimentar e protéica e digestibilidade protéica corrigida pelo escore de aminoácido

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          Abstract

          The germ fraction with pericarp (bran) is generated in the industrial processing of corn kernel, and it is used for oil extraction and animal feed. This study evaluated the nutritional and protein quality of this fraction in relation to whole corn. The proximate composition, mineral contents, and amino acid profile of the germ fraction with pericarp and of whole corn were determined. A 4-week experiment was conducted using 36 weanling male Wistar rats, and three 10%-protein diets (reference, germ with 15% lipids and casein with 15% lipids), two 6%-protein diets (whole corn and casein), and a protein-free diet were prepared. The germ showed higher contents of proteins, lipids, dietary fiber (27.8 g.100 g-1), ash, minerals (Fe and Zn- approximately 5 mg.100 g-1), and lysine (57.2 mg.g-1 protein) than those of corn. The germ presented good quality protein (Relative Protein Efficiency Ratio-RPER = 80%; Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score-PDCAAS = 86%), higher than that of corn (RPER = 49%; PDCAAS = 60%). The corn germ fraction with pericarp is rich in dietary fiber, and it is a source of good quality protein as well as of iron and zinc, and its use as nutritive raw material is indicated in food products for human consumption.

          Translated abstract

          A fração gérmen com pericarpo (farelo) é produzida no processamento do grão de milho, sendo usada para extração de óleo e alimentação animal. O estudo avaliou a qualidade nutricional e proteica desta fração em relação ao milho. Foi determinada a composição centesimal, conteúdo em minerais e perfil de aminoácidos da fração gérmen com pericarpo e do milho. Foi conduzido um experimento (4 semanas) com 36 ratos Wistar machos recém-desmamados, e foram formuladas três dietas contendo 10% de proteína (referência, gérmen com 15% de lipídios e caseína com 15% de lipídios), duas dietas com 6% de proteína (milho e caseína), e uma dieta aproteica. Foram constatados maiores teores de proteínas, lipídios, fibra alimentar (27,8 g.100g-1), cinzas, minerais (Fe e Zn - aproximadamente 5 mg. 100g-1) e lisina (57,2 mg.g-1 proteína) no gérmen em relação ao milho. O gérmen apresentou proteína de boa qualidade (Relative Protein Efficiency Ratio-RPER = 80%; Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score-PDCAAS = 86%), superior à do milho (RPER = 49%; PDCAAS = 60%). A fração gérmen com pericarpo é rica em fibra alimentar e é fonte de proteína de boa qualidade e de ferro e zinco, sendo indicado seu uso como matéria-prima nutritiva em produtos alimentícios para consumo humano.

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          Improving the protein content and composition of cereal grain

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            Métodos Físico‐Químicos Para Análise de Alimentos

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              Determination of insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber in foods and food products: interlaboratory study.

              A collaborative study was conducted to determine the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and total dietary fiber (TDF) content of food and food products by using a combination of enzymatic and gravimetric procedures. The method was basically the same as that developed for TDF only, which was adopted official final action by AOAC, except for changing the concentration of buffer and base and substituting hydrochloric acid for phosphoric acid. These changes were made to improve the robustness of the method. Duplicate blind samples of soy isolate, white wheat flour, rye bread, potatoes, rice, corn bran, oats, Fabulous Fiber, wheat bran, and a high fiber cereal were analyzed by 13 collaborators. Dietary fiber values (IDF, SDF, and TDF) were calculated as the weight of residue minus the weight of protein and ash. The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both the independent TDF determination and the sum of IDF and SDF were better than 15 and 18%, respectively, with the exception of rice and soy isolate. These 2 foods, however, contained only about 1% TDF. The CVs of the IDF were equally good, except for Fabulous Fiber, for which filtration problems occurred. The CVs for the SDF were somewhat high, but these products had very low SDF content. There was excellent agreement between the TDF determined independently and the TDF determined by summing the IDF and SDF. The method for separate determination of IDF and SDF requires further study. The modifications (changes in concentration of buffer and base and the use of hydrochloric acid instead of phosphoric acid) to the official final action method for TDF have been adopted.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
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                Journal
                cta
                Food Science and Technology (Campinas)
                Food Sci. Technol (Campinas)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (Campinas )
                1678-457X
                March 2011
                : 31
                : 1
                : 264-269
                Article
                S0101-20612011000100040
                10.1590/S0101-20612011000100040
                113587fc-8a8e-4561-90ae-bf6adda87db3

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0101-2061&lng=en
                Categories
                FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

                Food science & Technology
                Zea mays,maize,nutrients,protein,amino acids,biological evaluation,milho,nutrientes,proteína,aminoácidos,avaliação biológica

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