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      The MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          The relationship between matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP) polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk has become a hot topic and was studied extensively in recent years, but the results are still controversial. In order to estimate the relationship of MMP polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer, we performed this meta-analysis. We conducted a comprehensive search of databases; PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, Chinese) and Wanfang Database (Chinese) were searched for all case–control studies which mainly study the relationship between MMP-1-1607 1G/2G, MMP-2-1306 C/T, and MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphisms and the susceptibility of bladder cancer. The association between the MMP polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk was conducted by odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). At last, totally five literatures with 1,141 cases and 1,069 controls were contained in the meta-analysis. Among these articles, four articles with 1,103 cases and 1,053 controls were about MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism and three studies with 839 cases and 775 controls for MMP-2-1306 C/T polymorphism and MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphism. With regard to MMP-1-1607 1G/2G polymorphism, significant association was found with bladder cancer susceptibility only under recessive model (2G2G vs. 1G2G/1G1G: OR = 1.44, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.97, P = 0.022), and as to the MMP-2-1306 C/T polymorphism, significant association was found with bladder cancer susceptibility only under homozygote model (TT vs. CC: OR = 2.10, 95 % CI = 1.38–3.10, P = 0), but no associations was found between MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility. The results suggest that the MMP-2-1306 C/T and MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphisms are significantly associated with bladder cancer susceptibility, and no associations were found between MMP-9-1562 C/T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility.

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          Matrix metalloproteinases.

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            Bladder cancer.

            Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease, with 70% of patients presenting with superficial tumours, which tend to recur but are generally not life threatening, and 30% presenting as muscle-invasive disease associated with a high risk of death from distant metastases. The main presenting symptom of all bladder cancers is painless haematuria, and the diagnosis is established by urinary cytology and transurethral tumour resection. Intravesical treatment is used for carcinoma in situ and other high grade non-muscle-invasive tumours. The standard of care for muscle-invasive disease is radical cystoprostatectomy, and several types of urinary diversions are offered to patients, with quality of life as an important consideration. Bladder preservation with transurethral tumour resection, radiation, and chemotherapy can in some cases be equally curative. Several chemotherapeutic agents have proven to be useful as neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment and in patients with metastatic disease. We discuss bladder preserving approaches, combination chemotherapy including new agents, targeted therapies, and advances in molecular biology.
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              Meta-analysis of genetic association studies.

              Meta-analysis, a statistical tool for combining results across studies, is becoming popular as a method for resolving discrepancies in genetic association studies. Persistent difficulties in obtaining robust, replicable results in genetic association studies are almost certainly because genetic effects are small, requiring studies with many thousands of subjects to be detected. In this article, we describe how meta-analysis works and consider whether it will solve the problem of underpowered studies or whether it is another affliction visited by statisticians on geneticists. We show that meta-analysis has been successful in revealing unexpected sources of heterogeneity, such as publication bias. If heterogeneity is adequately recognized and taken into account, meta-analysis can confirm the involvement of a genetic variant, but it is not a substitute for an adequately powered primary study.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                xueying201120521@163.com
                lianghongjie2004@163.com
                2609025345@qq.com
                1825725213@qq.com
                41918940@qq.com
                qinxue919@126.com
                lis8858@126.com
                Journal
                Tumour Biol
                Tumour Biol
                Tumour Biology
                Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                1010-4283
                1423-0380
                5 January 2014
                5 January 2014
                April 2014
                : 35
                : 4
                : 3047-3052
                Affiliations
                Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021 Guangxi People’s Republic of China
                Article
                1395
                10.1007/s13277-013-1395-6
                3980037
                24390660
                113bf473-f481-4ead-a67e-6011085320d2
                © The Author(s) 2014

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

                History
                : 21 October 2013
                : 5 November 2013
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © International Society of Oncology and BioMarkers (ISOBM) 2014

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                bladder cancer,mmp,polymorphism,meta-analysis
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                bladder cancer, mmp, polymorphism, meta-analysis

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