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      Use of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of bacterial infection in infants with severe bronchiolitis.

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          Abstract

          The objective was to evaluate the use of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in bronchiolitis patients. A prospective, single-centre, descriptive, and comparative observational study was carried out on patients with severe bronchiolitis admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), from January 2011 to July 2017. Two cohorts were compared: patients with invasive bacterial infection (IBI) and patients with no bacterial infection (NBI). We included 675 patients, 399 of whom were males (59.1%), with median age of 47 days (IQR 25-100.3). Of them, 181 patients were diagnosed with IBI (26.8%). Seventy-two had sepsis (10.7%), 106 had pneumonia (15.7%), and 41 had a urinary tract infection (6.1%). PCT and CRP values were significantly higher in patients with IBI. ROC curves compared the ability of PCT and CRP to diagnose IBI at admission, 24 h, and 48 h. PCT showed a better AUC for diagnosing IBI, with statistically significant differences at all time points (p < 0.001). The best PCT cut-off for IBI diagnosis at admission was 1.4 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 69% (95% CI 58.4-74.9) and a specificity of 91% (95% CI 88.1-92.5). Procalcitonin showed a better AUC for diagnosing both sepsis and pneumonia, which makes it an excellent predictor.Conclusion: We present PCT as a novel test in comparison with the traditional CRP screening test to discern which bronchiolitis patients have IBI. We highlight the importance of PCT for the diagnosis of pneumonia and sepsis, as it proved to be more sensitive and specific than CRP, with statistically significant differences. What is Known: • Bronchiolitis should be treated with antibiotics only when a bacterial infection is present. • The rate of antibiotic prescription in severe bronchiolitis is extremely high, so diagnostic tools are needed. What is New: • PCT is a good biomarker to discern which bronchiolitis patients have IBI, specially for pneumonia and sepsis diagnoses. It is more sensitive and specific than CRP, with statistically significant differences. • Implementation of PCT cut-off values may prevent unnecessary antibiotic use.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Eur J Pediatr
          European journal of pediatrics
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1432-1076
          0340-6199
          Mar 2021
          : 180
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Paseo Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
          [2 ] Disorders of Immunity and Respiration of the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
          [3 ] Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Paseo Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950, Barcelona, Spain. mbalaguer@sjdhospitalbarcelona.org.
          [4 ] Disorders of Immunity and Respiration of the Paediatric Critical Patient Research Group, Institut Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mbalaguer@sjdhospitalbarcelona.org.
          [5 ] Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
          [6 ] Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institut Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain.
          Article
          10.1007/s00431-020-03790-6
          10.1007/s00431-020-03790-6
          32929531
          113c824e-40d1-468e-bcd0-1742a83f50bd
          History

          Bacterial infection,Bronchiolitis,C-reactive protein,Procalcitonin

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