In the evaluation of traditional college talents’ teaching ability, the importance of evaluation indicators lacks evaluation, and the evaluation results are relatively random. In order to improve the evaluation efficiency of university scientific research talents, this study combines BP neural network and fuzzy mathematical theory to build an evaluation model. Combining the talent training process and ability requirements of colleges and universities, a secondary index system is proposed, and the weight of the evaluation index is determined by combining data collection. This paper first normalizes the samples, determines the training and test samples, and then uses trial and error to determine the number of hidden layer neurons. Then use fuzzy mathematics theory to construct fuzzy similarity matrix to describe the fuzzy relationship between factor domain and judgement domain. Calculate membership to get comprehensive evaluation results. Finally, this paper uses statistical methods to draw the results into statistical charts and combines the simulation results to obtain performance comparison results. The feasibility of the model is verified by experimental research, and the model can be applied to practice, and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.