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      Functional Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites: Biomedical Applications and Biosafety

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          Abstract

          The rise and development of nanotechnology has enabled the creation of a wide number of systems with new and advantageous features to treat cancer. However, in many cases, the lone application of these new nanotherapeutics has proven not to be enough to achieve acceptable therapeutic efficacies. Hence, to avoid these limitations, the scientific community has embarked on the development of single formulations capable of combining functionalities. Among all possible components, silica—either solid or mesoporous—has become of importance as connecting and coating material for these new-generation therapeutic nanodevices. In the present review, the most recent examples of fully inorganic silica-based functional composites are visited, paying particular attention to those with potential biomedical applicability. Additionally, some highlights will be given with respect to their possible biosafety issues based on their chemical composition.

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          Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: synthesis, biocompatibility and drug delivery.

          Fangqiong Tang, Linlin Li, Dong Chen (2012)
          In the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention for their potential biomedical applications. With their tailored mesoporous structure and high surface area, MSNs as drug delivery systems (DDSs) show significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. In this review, we overview the recent progress in the synthesis of MSNs for drug delivery applications. First, we provide an overview of synthesis strategies for fabricating ordered MSNs and hollow/rattle-type MSNs. Then, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and biotranslocation of MSNs are discussed in relation to their chemophysical properties including particle size, surface properties, shape, and structure. The review also highlights the significant achievements in drug delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their multifunctional counterparts as drug carriers. In particular, the biological barriers for nano-based targeted cancer therapy and MSN-based targeting strategies are discussed. We conclude with our personal perspectives on the directions in which future work in this field might be focused. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
          Article 0 comments Cited 644 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Recent advances in the chemistry of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals.

            Feng Wang, Xiaogang Liu (2009)
            Lanthanide ions exhibit unique luminescent properties, including the ability to convert near infrared long-wavelength excitation radiation into shorter visible wavelengths through a process known as photon upconversion. In recent years lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals have been developed as a new class of luminescent optical labels that have become promising alternatives to organic fluorophores and quantum dots for applications in biological assays and medical imaging. These techniques offer low autofluorescence background, large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emission bandwidths, high resistance to photobleaching, and high penetration depth and temporal resolution. Such techniques also show potential for improving the selectivity and sensitivity of conventional methods. They also pave the way for high throughput screening and miniaturization. This tutorial review focuses on the recent development of various synthetic approaches and possibilities for chemical tuning of upconversion properties, as well as giving an overview of biological applications of these luminescent nanocrystals.
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              Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications.

              Zongxi Li, Jonathan C Barnes, Aleksandr Bosoy … (2012)
              This tutorial review provides an outlook on nanomaterials that are currently being used for theranostic purposes, with a special focus on mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) based materials. MSNPs with large surface area and pore volume can serve as efficient carriers for various therapeutic agents. The functionalization of MSNPs with molecular, supramolecular or polymer moieties, provides the material with great versatility while performing drug delivery tasks, which makes the delivery process highly controllable. This emerging area at the interface of chemistry and the life sciences offers a broad palette of opportunities for researchers with interests ranging from sol-gel science, the fabrication of nanomaterials, supramolecular chemistry, controllable drug delivery and targeted theranostics in biology and medicine.
              Article 0 comments Cited 446 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 February 2019
                Publication date Collection: February 2019
                Volume: 20
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 929
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dpto. Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; rafcas01@ 123456ucm.es
                [2 ]Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red—CIBER, 28029 Madrid, Spain
                [3 ]Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre—imas12, 28041 Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: vallet@ 123456ucm.es
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-3098
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-4889
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-20-00929
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040929
                PMC ID: 6413128
                PubMed ID: 30791663
                SO-VID: 11574ba6-5bf6-4946-8582-2cd30f0bd60a
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 28 January 2019
                Date accepted : 16 February 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: mesoporous silica,magnetic,photothermal,photodynamic,combination therapy,drug delivery
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: mesoporous silica, magnetic, photothermal, photodynamic, combination therapy, drug delivery

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