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      El embarazo en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico: una revisión integrativa Translated title: Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: an integrative review

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: En la actualidad, se conoce que el lupus eritematoso sistémico no afecta a la fertilidad; sin embargo, el embarazo en mujeres que lo padecen se asocia a riesgos, tanto maternos como fetales. Objetivo: Determinar las variables que intervienen en la preparación y control de la gestación en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico, así como las medidas de enfermería más importantes. Material y Método: Se ha realizado una revisión integrativa mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos Proquest, Pubmed y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos científicos originales, observacionales y de revisión, en inglés y español, excluyendo aquellos artículos anteriores a 2009 o que no estuviesen en texto completo. Resultados: Se han incluido 15 artículos publicados entre el año 2009 y 2019. El embarazo en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico es complejo, ya que necesita de un control exhaustivo y continuo para conseguir buenos resultados. Un cambio de tratamiento, test de laboratorio cada cierto tiempo y la vigilancia de un equipo multidisciplinar, harán que la enfermedad se encuentre controlada y los riesgos de complicaciones maternas y fetales disminuyan. Conclusiones: En la actualidad, la mayoría de las mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico pueden conseguir el objetivo de la maternidad, siempre y cuando la enfermedad se encuentre controlada al menos 6 meses antes de la concepción y durante todo el embarazo. Las variables más determinantes en el embarazo de la mujer con lupus eritematoso sistémico son la fertilidad, las complicaciones o el tratamiento, que influyen de forma directa sobre el embarazo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: At present, it is known that systemic lupus erythematosus does not affect fertility; however, pregnancy in these women is associated with risks, both maternal and fetal. Objective: To determine the variables involved in the preparation and control of pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus, as well as the most important nursing actions. Material and Method: An integrative review has been carried out through a search in the ProQuest, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Original, observational and review scientific articles were included, in English and Spanish, excluding those articles published before 2009 or that were not in full text in the databases. Results: 15 articles published between 2009 and 2019 have been included. Pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is complex. Comprehensive and continuous control is required to achieve good results. A change of treatment, laboratory tests from time to time and the monitoring of a multidisciplinary team will control the disease and will reduce the risk of maternal and fetal complications. Conclusions: Currently, most women with systemic lupus erythematosus can achieve the goal of motherhood, if the disease is controlled at least 6 months before conception and throughout pregnancy. The most determinant variables in pregnancy of women with systemic lupus erythematosus are fertility, complications or treatment, which directly influence pregnancy.

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          The impact of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid antibodies

          Antiphospholipid syndrome is defined by the combination of thrombotic events and/or obstetric morbidity in patients who have tested positive persistently for antiphospholipid antibodies. With good treatment, approximately 70% of pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome will deliver a viable live infant. However, current management does not prevent all maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications of antiphospholipid syndrome.
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            Maternal sepsis mortality and morbidity during hospitalization for delivery: temporal trends and independent associations for severe sepsis.

            Sepsis is currently the leading cause of direct maternal death in the United Kingdom. In this study, we aimed to determine frequency, temporal trends, and independent associations for severe sepsis during hospitalization for delivery in the United States. Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 1998 through 2008. The presence of severe sepsis was identified by the appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess temporal trends for sepsis, severe sepsis, and sepsis-related death and also to identify independent associations of severe sepsis. Of an estimated 44,999,260 hospitalizations for delivery, sepsis complicated 1:3333 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1:3151-1:3540) deliveries, severe sepsis complicated 1:10,823 (95% CI, 1:10,000-1:11,792) deliveries, and sepsis-related death complicated 1:105,263 (95% CI, 1:83,333-1:131,579) deliveries. While the overall frequency of sepsis was stable(P = 0.95), the risk of severe sepsis and sepsis-related death increased during the study period, (P < 0.001) and (P = 0.02), respectively. Independent associations for severe sepsis, with an adjusted odds ratio and lower bound 95% CI higher than 3, include congestive heart failure, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, systemic lupus erythematous, and rescue cerclage placement. Maternal severe sepsis and sepsis-related deaths are increasing in the United States. Severe sepsis often occurs in the absence of a recognized risk factor and underscores the need for developing systems of care that increase sensitivity for disease detection across the entire population. Physicians should enhance surveillance in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, and systemic lupus erythematous and institute early treatment when signs of sepsis are emerging.
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              Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy.

              Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong female predilection. Pregnancy remains a commonly encountered but high-risk situation in this setting. Both maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity are still significantly increased despite improvements in outcomes. Maternal morbidity includes higher risk of disease flares, preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related complications. Fetal issues include higher rates of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal lupus syndromes. Treatment options during pregnancy are also limited and maternal benefit has to be weighed against fetal risk. A coordinated approach, with close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team, is essential for optimal outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                enefro
                Enfermería Nefrológica
                Enferm Nefrol
                Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                2254-2884
                2255-3517
                March 2020
                : 23
                : 1
                : 11-21
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba orgdiv1Servicio de Nefrología Spain
                [3] orgnameInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba Spain
                [1] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Córdoba orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería orgdiv2Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería Spain
                Article
                S2254-28842020000100011 S2254-2884(20)02300100011
                10.37551/s2254-28842020002
                115a441f-f470-403e-8fa0-f16796312023

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 January 2020
                : 10 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

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                pregnancy complications,lupus eritematoso sistémico,fertilidad,complicaciones embarazo,control embarazo,intervenciones de enfermería,systemic lupus erythematosus,fertility,pregnancy control,nursing interventions

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