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      Pampered inside, pestered outside? Differences and similarities between plants growing in controlled conditions and in the field.

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          Abstract

          I. 839 II. 839 III. 841 IV. 845 V. 847 VI. 848 VII. 849 VIII. 851 851 852 References 852 Appendix A1 854 SUMMARY: Plant biologists often grow plants in growth chambers or glasshouses with the ultimate aim to understand or improve plant performance in the field. What is often overlooked is how results from controlled conditions translate back to field situations. A meta-analysis showed that lab-grown plants had faster growth rates, higher nitrogen concentrations and different morphology. They remained smaller, however, because the lab plants had grown for a much shorter time. We compared glasshouse and growth chamber conditions with those in the field and found that the ratio between the daily amount of light and daily temperature (photothermal ratio) was consistently lower under controlled conditions. This may strongly affect a plant's source : sink ratio and hence its overall morphology and physiology. Plants in the field also grow at higher plant densities. A second meta-analysis showed that a doubling in density leads on average to 34% smaller plants with strong negative effects on tiller or side-shoot formation but little effect on plant height. We found the r(2) between lab and field phenotypic data to be rather modest (0.26). Based on these insights, we discuss various alternatives to facilitate the translation from lab results to the field, including several options to apply growth regimes closer to field conditions.

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          Climate and the Efficiency of Crop Production in Britain [and Discussion]

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            Representing Twentieth-Century Space–Time Climate Variability. Part I: Development of a 1961–90 Mean Monthly Terrestrial Climatology

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              Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming.

              The impact of projected global warming on crop yields has been evaluated by indirect methods using simulation models. Direct studies on the effects of observed climate change on crop growth and yield could provide more accurate information for assessing the impact of climate change on crop production. We analyzed weather data at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1979 to 2003 to examine temperature trends and the relationship between rice yield and temperature by using data from irrigated field experiments conducted at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1992 to 2003. Here we report that annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures have increased by 0.35 degrees C and 1.13 degrees C, respectively, for the period 1979-2003 and a close linkage between rice grain yield and mean minimum temperature during the dry cropping season (January to April). Grain yield declined by 10% for each 1 degrees C increase in growing-season minimum temperature in the dry season, whereas the effect of maximum temperature on crop yield was insignificant. This report provides a direct evidence of decreased rice yields from increased nighttime temperature associated with global warming.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                New Phytol.
                The New phytologist
                Wiley-Blackwell
                1469-8137
                0028-646X
                Dec 2016
                : 212
                : 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany.
                [2 ] Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
                [3 ] Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
                [4 ] Landscape Ecology Group, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
                Article
                10.1111/nph.14243
                27783423
                11689381-6063-4a79-81ef-639bdb4bb34a
                History

                plant growth,daily light integral (DLI),glasshouse,growth chamber,photothermal ratio,plant density

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