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      Reducing Door to- Balloon- Time for Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction In Primary Percutaneous Intervention: Transformation using Robust Performance Improvement

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          Abstract

          Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in the UAE. Prompt reperfusion access is essential for patients who have Myocardial Infarction (MI) with ST-segment elevation as they are at a relatively high risk of death.This risk may be reduced by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but only if it is performed in a timely manner. Guidelines recommend that the interval between arrival at the hospital and intracoronary balloon inflation (door-to-balloon (D2B) time) during primary PCI should be 90 minutes or less. The earlier therapy is initiated, the better the outcome. Our aim was to decrease the door-to-balloon time for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who come through the emergency department (ED) in Sheikh Khalifa Medical City,a tertiary hospital in UAE, to meet the standard of less than 90 minutes. A multidisciplinary team was formed including interventional cardiologists, catheterization laboratory personnel, emergency department caregivers and quality staff. The project utilized the Lean Six Sigma Methodology which provided a powerful approach to quality improvement. The process minimized waste and variation, and a decreased median door-to-balloon time from 75.9 minutes to 60.1 minutes was noted. The percentage of patients who underwent PCI within 90 minutes increased from 73% to 96%. In conclusion, implementing the Lean Six Sigma methodology resulted in having processes that are leaner, more efficient and minimally variable. While recent publication failed to provide evidence of better outcome, the lessons learned were extrapolated to other primary percutaneous coronary intervention centers in our system.This would have marked impact on patient safety, quality of care and patient experience.

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          Door-to-balloon time and mortality among patients undergoing primary PCI.

          Current guidelines for the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction recommend a door-to-balloon time of 90 minutes or less for patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Door-to-balloon time has become a performance measure and is the focus of regional and national quality-improvement initiatives. However, it is not known whether national improvements in door-to-balloon times have been accompanied by a decline in mortality. We analyzed annual trends in door-to-balloon times and in-hospital mortality using data from 96,738 admissions for patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction from July 2005 through June 2009 at 515 hospitals participating in the CathPCI Registry. In a subgroup analysis using a linked Medicare data set, we assessed 30-day mortality. Median door-to-balloon times declined significantly, from 83 minutes in the 12 months from July 2005 through June 2006 to 67 minutes in the 12 months from July 2008 through June 2009 (P<0.001). Similarly, the percentage of patients for whom the door-to-balloon time was 90 minutes or less increased from 59.7% in the first year to 83.1% in the last year (P<0.001). Despite improvements in door-to-balloon times, there was no significant overall change in unadjusted in-hospital mortality (4.8% in 2005-2006 and 4.7% in 2008-2009, P=0.43 for trend) or in risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality (5.0% in 2005-2006 and 4.7% in 2008-2009, P=0.34), nor was a significant difference observed in unadjusted 30-day mortality (P=0.64). Although national door-to-balloon times have improved significantly for patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, in-hospital mortality has remained virtually unchanged. These data suggest that additional strategies are needed to reduce in-hospital mortality in this population. (Funded by the National Cardiovascular Data Registry of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.).
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            ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction; A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of patients with acute myocardial infarction).

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              Standards for statistical models used for public reporting of health outcomes: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group: cosponsored by the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and the Stroke Council. Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

              With the proliferation of efforts to report publicly the outcomes of healthcare providers and institutions, there is a growing need to define standards for the methods that are being employed. An interdisciplinary writing group identified 7 preferred attributes of statistical models used for publicly reported outcomes. These attributes include (1) clear and explicit definition of an appropriate patient sample, (2) clinical coherence of model variables, (3) sufficiently high-quality and timely data, (4) designation of an appropriate reference time before which covariates are derived and after which outcomes are measured, (5) use of an appropriate outcome and a standardized period of outcome assessment, (6) application of an analytical approach that takes into account the multilevel organization of data, and (7) disclosure of the methods used to compare outcomes, including disclosure of performance of risk-adjustment methodology in derivation and validation samples.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Qual Improv Rep
                BMJ Qual Improv Rep
                bmjqir
                bmjqir
                BMJ Quality Improvement Reports
                British Publishing Group
                2050-1315
                2015
                8 June 2015
                : 4
                : 1
                : u207849.w3309
                Affiliations
                SKMC
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Samer Ellahham, MD sellahham@ 123456skmc.ae
                Article
                bmjquality_uu207849.w3309
                10.1136/bmjquality.u207849.w3309
                4645801
                116b5fbe-f428-4829-af09-e4fc10d53f58
                © 2015, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode

                History
                : 26 April 2015
                : 22 May 2015
                : 28 May 2015
                Categories
                BMJ Quality Improvement Programme

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