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      Communications of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus Staphylococcus species from bovine intramammary infections and teat apex colonization

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      Journal of Dairy Science
      American Dairy Science Association

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          Quorum-sensing regulation in staphylococci—an overview

          Staphylococci are frequent human commensals and some species can cause disease. Staphylococcus aureus in particular is a dangerous human pathogen. In staphylococci, the ability to sense the bacterial cell density, or quorum, and to respond with genetic adaptations is due to one main system, which is called accessory gene regulator (Agr). The extracellular signal of Agr is a post-translationally modified peptide containing a thiolactone structure. Under conditions of high cell density, Agr is responsible for the increased expression of many toxins and degradative exoenzymes, and decreased expression of several colonization factors. This regulation is important for the timing of virulence factor expression during infection and the development of acute disease, while low activity of Agr is associated with chronic staphylococcal infections, such as those involving biofilm formation. Accordingly, drugs inhibiting Agr are being evaluated for their capacity to control acute forms of S. aureus infection.
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            Control of Bovine Mastitis: Old and Recent Therapeutic Approaches.

            Mastitis is defined as the inflammatory response resulting of the infection of the udder tissue and it is reported in numerous species, namely in domestic dairy animals. This pathology is the most frequent disease of dairy cattle and can be potentially fatal. Mastitis is an economically important pathology associated with reduced milk production, changes in milk composition and quality, being considered one of the most costly to dairy industry. Therefore, the majority of research in the field has focused on control of bovine mastitis and many efforts are being made for the development of new and effective anti-mastitis drugs. Antibiotic treatment is an established component of mastitis control programs; however, the continuous search for new therapeutic alternatives, effective in the control and treatment of bovine mastitis, is urgent. This review will provide an overview of some conventional and emerging approaches in the management of bovine mastitis' infections.
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              Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Strain Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Skin Infection by Blocking Quorum Sensing

              Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus are part of the natural flora of humans and other mammals. We found that spent media from the CoNS species Staphylococcus caprae can inhibit agr -mediated quorum sensing by all classes of S. aureus. A biochemical assessment of the inhibitory activity suggested that the S. caprae autoinducing peptide (AIP) was responsible, and mass spectrometric analysis identified the S. caprae AIP as an eight-residue peptide (YSTCSYYF). Using a murine model of intradermal MRSA infection, the therapeutic efficacy of synthetic S. caprae AIP was evident by a dramatic reduction in both dermonecrotic injury and cutaneous bacterial burden relative to controls. Competition experiments between S. caprae and MRSA demonstrated a significant reduction in MRSA burden using murine models of both skin colonization and intradermal infection. Our findings indicate that important interactions occur between commensals that can impact disease outcomes and potentially shape the composition of the natural flora. Paharik, Parlet, et al . demonstrate that the human commensal Staphylococcus caprae competes with Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting quorum-sensing. Through signal interference, S. caprae reduces Methicillin-resistant S. aureus burden in both skin colonization and infection, highlighting the benefits of healthy skin flora and suggesting a new avenue for probiotic therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Dairy Science
                Journal of Dairy Science
                American Dairy Science Association
                00220302
                August 2018
                August 2018
                : 101
                : 8
                : 7322-7333
                Article
                10.3168/jds.2017-14311
                29778469
                117130ec-bb1b-45a3-883a-1d91d875d7b5
                © 2018

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/

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