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      Scientometrics of zoonoses transmitted by the giant African snail Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822

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          ABSTRACT

          The dissemination of the giant African snail Achatina fulica in several countries has triggered a great number of studies on the mollusk, including those on zoonoses related to health in humans. The current research is a scientific survey on articles published in four databases, namely, PubMed, Bireme, Scielo and Lilacs. Results indicate that Brazil has a prominent position in international scientific production on this subject, with focus on Angiostrongylus cantonensis occurrences.

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          Update on eosinophilic meningoencephalitis and its clinical relevance.

          Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis is caused by a variety of helminthic infections. These worm-specific infections are named after the causative worm genera, the most common being angiostrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, toxocariasis, cysticercosis, schistosomiasis, baylisascariasis, and paragonimiasis. Worm parasites enter an organism through ingestion of contaminated water or an intermediate host and can eventually affect the central nervous system (CNS). These infections are potentially serious events leading to sequelae or death, and diagnosis depends on currently limited molecular methods. Identification of parasites in fluids and tissues is rarely possible, while images and clinical examinations do not lead to a definitive diagnosis. Treatment usually requires the concomitant administration of corticoids and anthelminthic drugs, yet new compounds and their extensive and detailed clinical evaluation are much needed. Eosinophilia in fluids may be detected in other infectious and noninfectious conditions, such as neoplastic disease, drug use, and prosthesis reactions. Thus, distinctive identification of eosinophils in fluids is a necessary component in the etiologic diagnosis of CNS infections.
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            Human angiostrongyliasis.

            Human angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a rat lungworm, has been reported globally. Human infections are acquired by ingestion of raw or undercooked snails or slugs, paratenic hosts such as prawns, or contaminated vegetables that contain the infective larvae of the worm. So far, at least 2827 cases of the disease have been documented worldwide. During the past few years, several outbreaks of human angiostrongyliasis have been reported in mainland China, Taiwan, and the USA. Additionally, sporadic cases in travellers who have returned from endemic areas have been reported. We review the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human angiostrongyliasis, and describe the geographical distribution and prevalence of A cantonensis. Educating the public about the dangers of eating raw or undercooked intermediate and paratenic hosts in endemic areas is essential for the prevention and control of this foodborne zoonotic disease.
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              Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an emergent disease in Brazil

              Eosinophilic meningitis (EoM) is an acute disease that affects the central nervous system. It is primarily caused by infection with the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. This infection was previously restricted to certain Asian countries and the Pacific Islands, but it was first reported in Brazil in 2007. Since then, intermediate and definitive hosts infected with A. cantonensis have been identified within the urban areas of many states in Brazil, including those in the northern, northeastern, southeastern and southern regions. The goals of this review are to draw the attention of the medical community and health centres to the emergence of EoM in Brazil, to compile information about several aspects of the human infection and mode of transmission and to provide a short protocol of procedures for the diagnosis of this disease.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
                Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo
                rimtsp
                Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Instituto de Medicina Tropical
                0036-4665
                1678-9946
                13 April 2017
                2017
                : 59
                : e15
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação - ICETI, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
                [2 ]Centro Universitário Maringá - UniCesumar, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Gilberto Cezar Pavanelli. Centro Universitário Maringá - UniCesumar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Av. Guedner, 1610, Bloco 07, sala 11, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, PR, Brazil. Tel: +55 44 3027-6360 E-mail: gcpavanelli@ 123456pq.cnpq.br
                Article
                00210
                10.1590/S1678-9946201759015
                5398187
                28423090
                117471f6-b095-4348-a01a-672dfe70a57d

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 01 August 2016
                : 13 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Original Article

                health promotion,public health,epidemiology,angiostrongylus infection

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