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      Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in an ambulant patient with spastic cerebral palsy. A long-term evolution Translated title: Epifisiolisis proximal femoral en un paciente deambulante con parálisis cerebral espástica. Evolución a largo plazo

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          Abstract

          Abstract We report the case of a boy aged 13 years and 9 months, with predominantly right-sided spastic tetraparesis, who could walk with assistance, GMFCS III, phenotype consistent with adiposogenital syndrome. He presented a 4-week history of left-sided limp without pain, radiologically classified as a stable, chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with mild slippage (<30º) on the Southwick classification. In situ fixation of the hip was performed using a full-headed screw, followed by six weeks of rest. Twelve years since the intervention, the patient remains asymptomatic with no clinical or radiological changes. SCFE in patients with cerebral palsy, while highly unusual, is possible. A high level of suspicion is required for diagnosing it. We would suggest ruling out the appearance of SCFE during surveillance screening of patients with cerebral palsy, ≥ 10 years-old, particularly in obese individuals with or without adiposogenital phenotype and limited ability to communicate verbally.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 13 años y 9 meses de edad, afecto de tetraparesia espástica de predomino derecho, con capacidad de deambulación con ayuda, GMFCS III y fenotipo de syndrome adiposogenital. Mostraba cojera de cadera izquierda de cuatro semanas de evolución y sin dolor, clinica y radiológicamente clasificada de epifisiolisis proximal femoral (SCFE) izquierda, estable y crónica, con deslizamiento medio (<30º) en la clasificación de Southwick. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante fijación in situ con tornillo de rosca completa, y seis semanas de descarga. Doce años después de la intervención el paciente permanece asintomático, sin cambios clínicos o radiológicos. SCFE en pacientes afectos de parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI), aunque muy inusual, es posible. Se precisa un alto nivel de sospecha para diagnosticarlo. La aparición de SCFE debe descartarse en el despistaje habitual de las caderas de los pacientes con PCI ≥ 10 años, particularmente en pacientes obesos con/sin fenotipo adiposogenital y capacidad limitada de comunicase verbalmente.

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          Most cited references15

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          In situ fixation for slipped capital femoral epiphysis: perspectives in 2011.

          Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is usually treated with in situ fixation to prevent progression of deformity. However, slipped capital femoral epiphysis always is associated with structural risk factors for hip dysfunction in addition to the risk of slip progression. Femoro-acetabular impingement causes some mechanical abnormality in every hip affected by slipped capital femoral epiphysis, even when the slip is mild. The severity of femoro-acetabular impingement caused by slipped capital femoral epiphysis depends on several factors. Cumulative injury to the articular cartilage can result from impingement, and it is better to prevent this type of injury than to treat it later. In situ fixation alone rarely relieves femoro-acetabular impingement in slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Skillful and precise in situ fixation allows careful analysis of hip function in the stabilized slip by eliminating the major risk of acute instability. The more subtle risk of long-term articular damage caused by femoro-acetabular impingement must be considered. The treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement in patients who have slipped capital femoral epiphysis is a separate issue from instability of the proximal femoral physis. Femoro-acetabular impingement must be assessed in every hip that is affected by slipped capital femoral epiphysis, even when the deformity is mild. Several treatment options exist for treating femoro-acetabular impingement associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
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            The association of femoral retroversion with slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

            We examined twenty-five patients who had a unilateral or bilateral slip of the capital femoral epiphysis and determined the degree of anteversion of the thirty-nine involved hips with computerized axial tomography. Thirteen patients (eighteen hips) were seen at the time of the original diagnosis (Group I), and twelve patients (twenty-one hips) were seen one to seven years after operative treatment (Group II). The mean amount of anteversion for all of the involved hips was +1.0 +/- 8.2 degrees. The mean amount of anteversion for the Group-I hips was -0.7 +/- 7.4 degrees and the mean amount for the Group-II hips was 2.5 +/- 8.7 degrees. The mean amount of anteversion for the hips in both Groups I and II was less than the predicted mean amount for individuals of the same age. The mean amount of anteversion of the unaffected hips of our patients who had a unilateral slip was +6.3 +/- 8.2 degrees. The amount of internal rotation of the hip in extension exceeded the amount when it was in flexion in all of the patients. A decreased angle of femoral anteversion appears to be specifically associated with the development of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The mechanical forces that act across the proximal femoral physis may be altered by this rotational abnormality, and this may lead to an increased shear stress that ultimately causes failure of the growth plate.
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              Continuing Delay in the Diagnosis of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

              To evaluate whether the time from symptom onset to diagnosis of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) has improved over a recent decade compared with reports of previous decades.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                August 2020
                : 43
                : 2
                : 261-266
                Affiliations
                [1] Pamplona orgnameComplejo Hospitalario de Navarra orgdiv1Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery orgdiv2Pediatric Orthopaedic Section
                Article
                S1137-66272020000200017 S1137-6627(20)04300200017
                10.23938/assn.0864
                11bb1296-b32b-48fb-914c-232ae810e73c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 March 2020
                : 28 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Clinical Notes

                Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE),Cerebral palsy,Fijación in situ,In situ fixation,Epifisiolisis proximal femoral,Parálisis cerebral

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