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      Thermophilic bacteria in Moroccan hot springs, salt marshes and desert soils

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          Abstract

          The diversity of thermophilic bacteria was investigated in four hot springs, three salt marshes and 12 desert sites in Morocco. Two hundred and forty (240) thermophilic bacteria were recovered, identified and characterized. All isolates were Gram positive, rod-shaped, spore forming and halotolerant. Based on BOXA1R-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the recovered isolates were dominated by the genus Bacillus (97.5%) represented by B. licheniformis (119), B. aerius (44), B. sonorensis (33), B. subtilis (subsp . spizizenii (2) and subsp . inaquosurum (6)), B. amyloliquefaciens (subsp . amyloliquefaciens (4) and subsp . plantarum (4)), B. tequilensis (3), B. pumilus (3) and Bacillus sp. (19). Only six isolates (2.5%) belonged to the genus Aeribacillus represented by A. pallidus (4) and Aeribacillus sp. (2). In this study, B. aerius and B. tequilensis are described for the first time as thermophilic bacteria. Moreover, 71.25%, 50.41% and 5.41% of total strains exhibited high amylolytic, proteolytic or cellulolytic activity respectively.

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          Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species.

          Ok-Sun Kim, Yong-Joon Cho, Kihyun Lee … (2012)
          Despite recent advances in commercially optimized identification systems, bacterial identification remains a challenging task in many routine microbiological laboratories, especially in situations where taxonomically novel isolates are involved. The 16S rRNA gene has been used extensively for this task when coupled with a well-curated database, such as EzTaxon, containing sequences of type strains of prokaryotic species with validly published names. Although the EzTaxon database has been widely used for routine identification of prokaryotic isolates, sequences from uncultured prokaryotes have not been considered. Here, the next generation database, named EzTaxon-e, is formally introduced. This new database covers not only species within the formal nomenclatural system but also phylotypes that may represent species in nature. In addition to an identification function based on Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (blast) searches and pairwise global sequence alignments, a new objective method of assessing the degree of completeness in sequencing is proposed. All sequences that are held in the EzTaxon-e database have been subjected to phylogenetic analysis and this has resulted in a complete hierarchical classification system. It is concluded that the EzTaxon-e database provides a useful taxonomic backbone for the identification of cultured and uncultured prokaryotes and offers a valuable means of communication among microbiologists who routinely encounter taxonomically novel isolates. The database and its analytical functions can be found at http://eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net/.
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            Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria.

            Fernando Calero-Nieto, A Ventosa, A Oren-Grinberg (1998)
            The moderately halophilic heterotrophic aerobic bacteria form a diverse group of microorganisms. The property of halophilism is widespread within the bacterial domain. Bacterial halophiles are abundant in environments such as salt lakes, saline soils, and salted food products. Most species keep their intracellular ionic concentrations at low levels while synthesizing or accumulating organic solutes to provide osmotic equilibrium of the cytoplasm with the surrounding medium. Complex mechanisms of adjustment of the intracellular environments and the properties of the cytoplasmic membrane enable rapid adaptation to changes in the salt concentration of the environment. Approaches to the study of genetic processes have recently been developed for several moderate halophiles, opening the way toward an understanding of haloadaptation at the molecular level. The new information obtained is also expected to contribute to the development of novel biotechnological uses for these organisms.
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              Starch-hydrolyzing enzymes from thermophilic archaea and bacteria.

              Costanzo Bertoldo, Garabed Antranikian (2002)
              Extremophlic microorganisms have developed a variety of molecular strategies in order to survive in harsh conditions. For the utilization of natural polymeric substrates such as starch, a number of extremophiles, belonging to different taxonomic groups, produce amylolytic enzymes. This class of enzyme is important not only for the study of biocatalysis and protein stability at extreme conditions but also for the many biotechnological opportunities they offer. In this review, we report on the different molecular properties of thermostable archaeal and bacterial enzymes including alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, glucoamylase, pullulanase, and cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase. Comparison of the primary sequence of the pyrococcal pullulanase with other members of the glucosyl hydrolase family revealed that significant differences are responsible for the mode of action of these enzymes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Braz J Microbiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Braz. J. Microbiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): bjm
                Title: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia
                ISSN (Print): 1517-8382
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4405
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 June 2015
                Publication date Collection: June 2015
                Volume: 46
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 443-453
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc.
                [2 ]Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc, Collections Coordonnées Marocaines de Microorganismes, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc.
                [3 ]Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc, Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc.
                [4 ]Laboratory of Microbiology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium, Laboratory of Microbiology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium.
                [5 ]Unité d'Appui Technique à la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc, Unité d'Appui Technique à la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Rabat, Maroc.
                Author notes
                Send correspondence to M. Amar. Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Angle av. Allal El Fassi, av. des FAR, Quartier Hay Ryad, BP. 8027 Nations Unies, 10102 Rabat, Maroc. E-mail: amar@ 123456cnrst.ma .

                Associate Editor: Raquel Silva Peixoto

                Article
                DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838246220140219
                PMC ID: 4507536
                PubMed ID: 26273259
                SO-VID: 11c452f9-dc26-4f51-b52d-c94e5323c34a
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia
                License:

                All the content of the journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons License CC BY-NC.

                History
                Date received : 12 March 2014
                Date accepted : 30 September 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 7, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Subject: Environmental Microbiology

                Keywords: thermophilic bacteria,hot springs,diversity,16s rrna gene sequencing,hydrolytic enzymes
                Data availability:
                Keywords: thermophilic bacteria, hot springs, diversity, 16s rrna gene sequencing, hydrolytic enzymes

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