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      A Review of the “Omics” Approach to Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Oryza sativa

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          Abstract

          Physiological and ecological constraints that cause the slow growth and depleted production of crops have raised a major concern in the agriculture industry as they represent a possible threat of short food supply in the future. The key feature that regulates the stress signaling pathway is always related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS in plant cells would leave traces of biomarkers at the genome, proteome, and metabolome levels, which could be identified with the recent technological breakthrough coupled with improved performance of bioinformatics. This review highlights the recent breakthrough in molecular strategies (comprising transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in identifying oxidative stress biomarkers and the arising opportunities and obstacles observed in research on biomarkers in rice. The major issue in incorporating bioinformatics to validate the biomarkers from different omic platforms for the use of rice-breeding programs is also discussed. The development of powerful techniques for identification of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and the integration of data from different disciplines shed light on the oxidative response pathways in plants.

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          Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming.

          The impact of projected global warming on crop yields has been evaluated by indirect methods using simulation models. Direct studies on the effects of observed climate change on crop growth and yield could provide more accurate information for assessing the impact of climate change on crop production. We analyzed weather data at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1979 to 2003 to examine temperature trends and the relationship between rice yield and temperature by using data from irrigated field experiments conducted at the International Rice Research Institute Farm from 1992 to 2003. Here we report that annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures have increased by 0.35 degrees C and 1.13 degrees C, respectively, for the period 1979-2003 and a close linkage between rice grain yield and mean minimum temperature during the dry cropping season (January to April). Grain yield declined by 10% for each 1 degrees C increase in growing-season minimum temperature in the dry season, whereas the effect of maximum temperature on crop yield was insignificant. This report provides a direct evidence of decreased rice yields from increased nighttime temperature associated with global warming.
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            Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life.

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              When defense pathways collide. The response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress.

              Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to a combination of abiotic conditions that include stresses such as drought and heat. Drought and heat stress have been extensively studied; however, little is known about how their combination impacts plants. The response of Arabidopsis plants to a combination of drought and heat stress was found to be distinct from that of plants subjected to drought or heat stress. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants subjected to a combination of drought and heat stress revealed a new pattern of defense response in plants that includes a partial combination of two multigene defense pathways (i.e. drought and heat stress), as well as 454 transcripts that are specifically expressed in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Metabolic profiling of plants subjected to drought, heat stress, or a combination of drought and heat stress revealed that plants subject to a combination of drought and heat stress accumulated sucrose and other sugars such as maltose and glucose. In contrast, Pro that accumulated in plants subjected to drought did not accumulate in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Heat stress was found to ameliorate the toxicity of Pro to cells, suggesting that during a combination of drought and heat stress sucrose replaces Pro in plants as the major osmoprotectant. Our results highlight the plasticity of the plant genome and demonstrate its ability to respond to complex environmental conditions that occur in the field.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Mol Sci
                Int J Mol Sci
                ijms
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                1422-0067
                April 2013
                08 April 2013
                : 14
                : 4
                : 7515-7541
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
                [2 ]Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; E-Mail: zaidah@ 123456fbb.utm.my
                [3 ]Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; E-Mail: lam@ 123456umt.edu.my
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nyukling@ 123456umt.edu.my ; Tel.: +609-668-3845; Fax: +609-668-3326.
                Article
                ijms-14-07515
                10.3390/ijms14047515
                3645701
                23567269
                120220cf-b519-4823-8d70-0bb350132bd0
                © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 31 January 2013
                : 20 March 2013
                : 20 March 2013
                Categories
                Review

                Molecular biology
                biomarker,stress signaling,“omic” study,metabolomic,proteomic,transcriptomic
                Molecular biology
                biomarker, stress signaling, “omic” study, metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic

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