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      Biomedical applications of photoacoustic imaging with exogenous contrast agents.

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          Abstract

          Photoacoustic imaging is a biomedical imaging modality that provides functional information, and, with the help of exogenous contrast agents, cellular and molecular signatures of tissue. In this article, we review the biomedical applications of photoacoustic imaging assisted with exogenous contrast agents. Dyes, noble metal nanoparticles, and other constructs are contrast agents which absorb strongly in the near-infrared band of the optical spectrum and generate strong photoacoustic response. These contrast agents, which can be specifically targeted to molecules or cells, have been coupled with photoacoustic imaging for preclinical and clinical applications ranging from detection of cancer cells, sentinel lymph nodes, and micrometastasis to angiogenesis to characterization of atherosclerotic plaques. Multi-functional agents have also been developed, which can carry drugs or simultaneously provide contrast in multiple imaging modalities. Furthermore, contrast agents were used to guide and monitor the therapeutic procedures. Overall, photoacoustic imaging shows significant promise in its ability to assist in diagnosis, therapy planning, and monitoring of treatment outcome for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other pathologies.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Ann Biomed Eng
          Annals of biomedical engineering
          1573-9686
          0090-6964
          Feb 2012
          : 40
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
          Article
          10.1007/s10439-011-0449-4
          22048668
          12152c0f-cd32-446f-ba5c-947b6543395d
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