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      Impact of sandstorm and carnival celebrations on SARS-CoV-2 spreading in Tenerife and Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) Translated title: Impacto de una tormenta de arena y de los carnavales en la diseminación del SARS-CoV-2 en Tenerife y Gran Canaria (Islas Canarias, España)

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: We address the hypothesis that the extraordinary sandstorm occurred on 22-24 February 2020 might have a role in the different cumulated incidence of COVID-19 cases between the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, since it obliged to reduce significantly air traffic and forced to suspend all major carnival street events in all most locations. Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 cases as to 1 April 2020 according to symptoms onset, weather-related data and Carnival events in Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Results: The sandstorm occurred on February 22-24, 2020, forced air traffic to close, reducing the influx of tourists to the Canary Islands and suspending carnival events in most places, except in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Cumulated incidence as to 1 April was 132.81/100,000 in Tenerife, and 56.04/100,000 in Gran Canaria. Conclusions: The suspension of Carnival events due to the sandstorm in the Canary Islands contributed to reduce differently the SARS-CoV-2 spread in Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Investigar la hipótesis de que la extraordinaria tormenta de arena ocurrida el 22-24 de febrero de 2020 pudo tener un papel en la diferente incidencia acumulada de casos de COVID-19 entre las islas de Tenerife y Gran Canaria, en cuanto conllevó una reducción significativa del tráfico aéreo y la cancelación de las mayores celebraciones del carnaval en muchas poblaciones. Método: Se realiza un análisis retrospectivo de los casos de COVID-19 hasta el 1 abril de 2020 según fecha de inicio de los síntomas, de los datos climáticos y de las celebraciones de carnaval en Tenerife y Gran Canaria. Resultados: La tormenta de arena ocurrida el 22-24 de febrero de 2020 obligó a cerrar el tráfico aéreo, reduciendo la llegada de turistas a Canarias, y a suspender las celebraciones de los carnavales en muchas poblaciones, excepto en Santa Cruz de Tenerife. El 1 abril de 2020, la incidencia acumulada de casos era de 132,81/100.000 en Tenerife y de 56,04/100.000 en Gran Canaria. Conclusiones: La cancelación de las celebraciones de carnaval debido a la tempestad de arena en las Islas Canarias parece que contribuyó de manera diferente a la reducción de la incidencia del SARS-CoV-2 en Tenerife y Gran Canaria.

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          The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China

          Abstract Background With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China. China itself has imposed a lockdown of the population of Wuhan as well as the entire Hubei province. However, whether these two enormous measures have led to significant changes in the spread of COVID-19 cases remains unclear. Methods We analyzed available data on the development of confirmed domestic and international COVID-19 cases before and after lockdown measures. We evaluated the correlation of domestic air traffic to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and determined the growth curves of COVID-19 cases within China before and after lockdown as well as after changes in COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. Results Our findings indicate a significant increase in doubling time from 2 days (95% Confidence Interval, CI): 1.9–2.6), to 4 days (95% CI: 3.5–4.3), after imposing lockdown. A further increase is detected after changing diagnostic and testing methodology to 19.3 (95% CI: 15.1–26.3), respectively. Moreover, the correlation between domestic air traffic and COVID-19 spread became weaker following lockdown (before lockdown: r = 0.98, p < 0.05 vs. after lockdown: r = 0.91, p = NS). Conclusions A significantly decreased growth rate and increased doubling time of cases was observed, which is most likely due to Chinese lockdown measures. A more stringent confinement of people in high risk areas seem to have a potential to slow down the spread of COVID-19.
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            The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: An ecological study

            It is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemic.
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              Health Effects of Particulate Matter, Policy Implications for Countries in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                December 2021
                : 35
                : 6
                : 565-568
                Affiliations
                [6] Las Palmas orgnameCommittee of the Government of the Canary Islands orgdiv1Scientific Advisory Group of the COVID-19 Spain
                [3] Las Palmas orgnameUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgdiv1COVIDCAN, COVID-19 Study and Analysis Group Spain
                [2] Milan orgnameUniversità degli Studi di Milano orgdiv1Department of Clinical and Community Sciences (DISCCO) Italy
                [4] Las Palmas orgnameUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgdiv1Department of Quantitative Methods in Economics and Management Spain
                [5] Las Palmas orgnameCanary Health Service orgdiv1Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín orgdiv2Admission and Clinical Documentation Service Spain
                [1] Las Palmas orgnameUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgdiv1Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) Spain
                [8] Las Palmas orgnameCanary Health Service orgdiv1Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI) orgdiv2Preventive Medicine Service Spain
                [7] La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameUniversity of La Laguna orgdiv1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112021000600565 S0213-9111(21)03500600565
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.09.006
                122a6144-b2e2-4b07-8812-f90efaa01128

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 June 2020
                : 08 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Articles

                COVID-19,España,Clima,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,Spain,Weather,Síndrome respiratorio agudo grave por coronavirus 2

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