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      Explorando las actividades diarias y la participación social: un estudio en personas con una condición de salud del aparato locomotor Translated title: Explorando atividades diárias e a participação social: um estudo com pessoas com problemas do sistema locomotor Translated title: Exploring daily activities and social participation: a study in people with a health condition of the locomotor apparatus

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades/lesiones del aparato locomotor son un problema de salud frecuente, producen discapacidad y disminuyen la calidad de vida. Objetivo: El objetivo principal consistió en evaluar cómo influyen las condiciones de salud del aparato locomotor sobre el desempeño de las actividades diarias. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado con una muestra de 24 personas adultas operadas recientemente por una lesión/enfermedad del aparato locomotor, en una clínica de traumatología/ortopedia de A Coruña (España). Se utilizó un cuestionario de evaluación basado en la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud. Resultados: Las actividades que realizaban con dificultad durante la lesión/enfermedad, con una frecuencia mayor, fueron las laborales o educativas (85,6%), seguidas por las transferencias, el cuidado del hogar y el ocio/tiempo libre (75%, cada una). En relación a los factores ambientales facilitadores, fue más frecuente la ayuda personal (presente en el 71,4% de las actividades estudiadas) que los productos de apoyo (utilizados en el 35,7% de actividades). Sólo encontraban barreras en el desempeño de la ducha/baño (8,3%), de tipo arquitectónico. Las lesiones/enfermedades en extremidad superior se asociaron significativamente con percibir dificultad en el vestido superior (p<0,001), alimentación (p<0,001), arreglo personal (p=0,001), preparar la comida (p=0,001) y usar dispositivos/técnicas de comunicación (p=0,037); las localizadas en extremidad inferior se relacionaron con la dificultad para la vida social/comunitaria/cívica (p=0,039). Conclusión: Las condiciones de salud del aparato locomotor comprometen seriamente el desempeño diario y la participación, por lo que es necesario desarrollar actuaciones de terapia ocupacional para promover la autonomía y calidad de vida.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução: Doenças/lesões do sistema musculoesquelético são um problema de saúde frequente, pois produzem deficiência e diminuem a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Avaliar como as condições de saúde do sistema locomotor influenciam o desempenho das atividades diárias. Método: Estudo descritivo transversal, realizado com 24 adultos recentemente operados por uma lesão/doença do sistema locomotor, em uma clínica de traumatologia/ortopedia em A Coruña (Espanha). Foi utilizado um questionário de avaliação com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionamento, Deficiência e Saúde. Resultados: As atividades realizadas com dificuldade durante a lesão/doença, com maior frequência, foram trabalho ou educação (85,6%), seguidas de transferências, cuidados domiciliares e lazer/tempo livre (75% cada). Quanto aos fatores ambientais facilitadores, a assistência pessoal foi mais frequente (presente em 71,4% das atividades estudadas) do que os produtos de suporte (utilizados em 35,7% das atividades). Os indivíduos com deficiência apenas encontraram barreiras no desempenho do chuveiro/banheiro (8,3%), de tipo arquitetônico. As lesões/doenças na extremidade superior foram significativamente associadas à dificuldade percebida no vestuário superior (p <0,001), alimentação (p <0,001), higienec pessoal (p=0,001), preparação de alimentos (p=0,001) e uso de dispositivos/técnicas de comunicação (p=0,037); aqueles localizados na extremidade inferior estavam relacionados à dificuldade de vida social/comunidade/cívica (p=0,039). Conclusão: As condições de saúde locomotora comprometem seriamente o desempenho e a participação diária, pelo que é necessário desenvolver atividades de terapia ocupacional para promover a autonomia e a qualidade de vida.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Diseases/injuries of the musculoskeletal system are a frequent health problem, produce disability and diminish quality of life. Objective: The main objective was to evaluate how the health conditions of the locomotor system influence the performance of daily activities. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out with a sample of 24 adults recently operated for an injury/disease of the locomotor system, in a traumatology/orthopedics clinic in A Coruña (Spain). An evaluation questionnaire based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was used. Results: The activities performed with difficulty during the injury/illness with a higher frequency were work or education (85.6%), followed by transfers, domestic tasks and leisure/free time (75%, each). Regarding the facilitating environmental factors, personal assistance was more frequent (present in 71.4% of the activities studied) than the assistive products (used in 35.7% of activities). They only found barriers in the performance of the bathing/showering activity (8.3%), of architectural type. Injuries/diseases in the upper extremity were significantly associated with perceived difficulty in upper dressing (p <0.001), feeding (p <0.001), grooming (p=0.001), preparing food (p=0.001) and using devices/communication techniques (p=0.037); those located in the lower extremity were related to the difficulty for social/community/civic life (p=0.039). Conclusion: Locomotor health conditions seriously compromise daily performance and participation, so it is necessary to develop occupational therapy interventions to promote autonomy and quality of life.

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          Most cited references37

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          Health and the human spirit for occupation.

          E Yerxa (1998)
          The relationship between engagement in occupation and healthfulness is explored. Health is viewed not as the absence of organ pathology, but as possession of a repertoire of skills that enables people to achieve their vital goals in their own environments. This sort of health, reflecting adaptability and a good quality of life, is possible for all people, including those with chronic impairments. Theoretical and research literature from an array of disciplines explores the influences of occupation on various aspects of health. These include interests, satisfaction in everyday doing, balance, the latent consequences of work, and transcendence. Support is provided for a relationship between activity level and survival. To improve the life opportunities of those they serve, occupational therapists need to become ardent students of life's daily activities, grappling with the ambiguity and complexity of occupation, the occupational human, and the contexts in which occupation takes place.
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            Functional and work outcomes improve in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who receive targeted, comprehensive occupational therapy.

            Work disability is a serious consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted a 6-month, prospective randomized controlled trial comparing assessments of function, work, coping, and disease activity in employed patients with RA receiving occupational therapy intervention versus usual care. Employed patients with RA with increased perceived work disability risk were identified by the RA Work Instability Scale (WIS; score >or=10). Patients were stratified into medium- (score >or=10 and or=17) groups, then randomized into occupational therapy or usual care groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome was the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), a standardized patient self-report of function. Other outcomes included the disability index (DI) of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ); Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28); RA WIS; EuroQol Index; visual analog scales (VAS) for pain, work satisfaction, and work performance; and days missed/month. Independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. We recruited 32 employed patients with RA. At baseline the groups were well matched. At 6 months the improvement in the occupational therapy group was significantly greater than that in the usual care group for all functional outcomes (COPM performance P < 0.001, COPM satisfaction P < 0.001, HAQ DI P = 0.02) and most work outcomes (RA WIS [P = 0.04], VAS work satisfaction [P < 0.001], VAS work performance [P = 0.01]). Additionally, Arthritis Helplessness Index (P = 0.02), Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales II pain subscale (P = 0.03), VAS pain (P = 0.007), EuroQol Index (P = 0.02), EuroQol global (P = 0.02), and DAS28 (P = 0.03) scores significantly improved. Targeted, comprehensive occupational therapy intervention improves functional and work-related outcomes in employed RA patients at risk of work disability.
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              Early individualized postoperative occupational therapy training in 100 patients improves ADL after hip fractureA randomized trial

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cadbto
                Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional
                Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup.
                Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                2526-8910
                July 2018
                : 26
                : 3
                : 513-526
                Affiliations
                [2] A Coruña Galicia orgnameUniversidade da Coruña Spain
                [1] A Coruña Galicia orgnameUniversidade da Coruña orgdiv1Facultad Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Spain
                Article
                S2526-89102018000300513 S2526-8910(18)02600300513
                10.4322/2526-8910.ctoao1661
                1254cf31-4acd-420c-98ae-d7b774ee8616

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 June 2018
                : 23 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Actividades Cotidianas,Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento,Discapacidad y Salud,Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas,Atividades Cotidianas,Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade,Incapacidade e Saúde,Doenças Musculoesqueléticas,Activities of Daily Living,International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health,Musculoskeletal Diseases

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