Effects of Intercropping with Potato Onion on the Growth of Tomato and Rhizosphere Alkaline Phosphatase Genes Diversity

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Abstract

Background and Aims: In China, excessive fertilization has resulted in phosphorus (P) accumulation in most greenhouse soils. Intercropping can improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization in crop production. In this study, pot experiments were performed to investigate the effects of intercropping with potato onion ( Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don) on tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings growth and P uptake, the diversity of rhizosphere phosphobacteria and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) genes in phosphorus-rich soil.

Methods: The experiment included three treatments, namely tomato monoculture (TM), potato onion monoculture (OM), and tomato/potato onion intercropping (TI-tomato intercropping and OI-potato onion intercropping). The growth and P uptake of tomato and potato onion seedlings were evaluated. The dilution plating method was used to determine the population of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate-mineralizing bacteria (PMB). The genomic DNAs of PSB and PMB in the rhizosphere of tomato and potato onions were extracted and purified, and then, with the primer set of 338f /518r, the PCR amplification of partial bacterial 16S rDNA sequence was performed and sequenced to determine the diversities of PSB and PMB. After extracting the total genomic DNAs from the rhizosphere, the copy numbers and diversities of ALP genes were investigated using real-time PCR and PCR-DGGE, respectively.

Results: Intercropping with potato onion promoted the growth and P uptake of tomato seedlings, but inhibited those of potato onion. After 37 days of transplanting, compared to the rhizosphere of TM, the soil pH increased, while the electrolytic conductivity and Olsen P content decreased ( p < 0.05) in the rhizosphere of TI. The populations and diversities of PSB, PMB, and ALP genes increased significantly in the rhizosphere of TI, compared to the rhizosphere of TM.

Conclusion: The results indicated that intercropping with potato onion promoted the growth and P uptake of tomato in phosphorus-rich soil and affected the community structure and function of phosphobacteria in tomato rhizosphere. Intercropping with potato onion also improved soil quality by lowering levels of soil acidification and salinization.

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Most cited references 43

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How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation?

Christian Hermans, John P. Hammond, Philip White … (2006)

Plants constantly sense the changes in their environment; when mineral elements are scarce, they often allocate a greater proportion of their biomass to the root system. This acclimatory response is a consequence of metabolic changes in the shoot and an adjustment of carbohydrate transport to the root. It has long been known that deficiencies of essential macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium) result in an accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves and roots, and modify the shoot-to-root biomass ratio. Here, we present an update on the effects of mineral deficiencies on the expression of genes involved in primary metabolism in the shoot, the evidence for increased carbohydrate concentrations and altered biomass allocation between shoot and root, and the consequences of these changes on the growth and morphology of the plant root system.

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Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition.

Sally Smith, Iver Jakobsen, Mette Grønlund … (2011)

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Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils.

Nuo-fu Zhang, Shen-Long Li, Hao Sun … (2007)

Intercropping, which grows at least two crop species on the same pieces of land at the same time, can increase grain yields greatly. Legume-grass intercrops are known to overyield because of legume nitrogen fixation. However, many agricultural soils are deficient in phosphorus. Here we show that a new mechanism of overyielding, in which phosphorus mobilized by one crop species increases the growth of a second crop species grown in alternate rows, led to large yield increases on phosphorus-deficient soils. In 4 years of field experiments, maize (Zea mays L.) overyielded by 43% and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) overyielded by 26% when intercropped on a low-phosphorus but high-nitrogen soil. We found that overyielding of maize was attributable to below-ground interactions between faba bean and maize in another field experiment. Intercropping with faba bean improved maize grain yield significantly and above-ground biomass marginally significantly, compared with maize grown with wheat, at lower rates of P fertilizer application ( 112.5 kg of P(2)O(5) per hectare). By using permeable and impermeable root barriers, we found that maize overyielding resulted from its uptake of phosphorus mobilized by the acidification of the rhizosphere via faba bean root release of organic acids and protons. Faba bean overyielded because its growth season and rooting depth differed from maize. The large increase in yields from intercropping on low-phosphorus soils is likely to be especially important on heavily weathered soils.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Xia Wu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/269527/overview

Fengzhi Wu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/243840/overview

Xingang Zhou: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/269533/overview

Xuepeng Fu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/269539/overview

Yue Tao: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/354092/overview

Weihui Xu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/232213/overview

Kai Pan: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/354093/overview

Shouwei Liu: URI : http://loop.frontiersin.org/people/269529/overview

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Plant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Plant Sci.

Title: Frontiers in Plant Science

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN (Electronic): 1664-462X

Publication date (Electronic): 15 June 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 7

Electronic Location Identifier: 846

Affiliations

[1] ¹Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China

[2] ²Department of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Daqing, China

[3] ³Heilongjiang Provincial Key University Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin, China

[4] ⁴Department of Life Science and Agroforestry, Qiqihar University Qiqihar, China

Author notes

Edited by: Hinanit Koltai, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Israel

Reviewed by: Claudio Valverde, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina; Mark A. Boudreau, Penn State Brandywine, USA

*Correspondence: Fengzhi Wu fzwu2006@ 123456aliyun.com

This article was submitted to Crop Science and Horticulture, a section of the journal Frontiers in Plant Science

Article

DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00846

PMC ID: 4909156

PubMed ID: 27379133

SO-VID: 12583a6b-a986-4c3c-a1ab-f4cab59ef084

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

History

Date received : 02 November 2015

Date accepted : 30 May 2016

Page count

Figures: 3, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 13, Words: 8590

Funding

Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809

Award ID: 31172002

Funded by: Excellent Academic Leader Project of Harbin Technological Innovation Talent Research Special Funds Project

Effects of Intercropping with Potato Onion on the Growth of Tomato and Rhizosphere Alkaline Phosphatase Genes Diversity

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Most cited references 43

How do plants respond to nutrient shortage by biomass allocation?

Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition.

Diversity enhances agricultural productivity via rhizosphere phosphorus facilitation on phosphorus-deficient soils.

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