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      Características de los vídeos de YouTube en castellano sobre la vacuna antigripal Translated title: Characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine

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          Abstract

          Resumen Fundamento Analizar las características de los vídeos de YouTube en castellano sobre la vacuna antigripal. Método En abril de 2019 se realizó una búsqueda en YouTube usando el término vacuna gripe. Se estudió la asociación del tipo de autoría y del país de publicación con el resto de variables (tono del mensaje, tipo de publicación, recomendaciones de vacunación según el Ministerio de Sanidad español, entre otras) mediante análisis univariante y un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados Se incluyeron 208 vídeos, el 26% publicados desde España y el 25% desde México; el 47,1% eran noticias, el 51,4% elaborados por canales de televisión, y el 79,8% apoyaban el uso de la vacuna antigripal (tono positivo). El contenido más frecuente fue considerar la vacuna antigripal como el método más eficaz de prevención (64,4%) y la recomendación de vacunar a partir de los 65 años (43,3%). La autoría por profesionales sanitarios se relacionó con un tono positivo hacia la vacunación (OR: 2,91; IC95%: 1,12-7,53; p=0,028), y el país de publicación (España) con un tono no positivo (OR: 0,31; IC95%: 0,15-0,65; p=0,002). Conclusiones La información en YouTube sobre la vacuna antigripal no suele ser muy completa, y difiere según autoría y país de publicación. Por tanto, los profesionales sanitarios en España deberían publicar información provacunación según las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad, y se debería promocionar la consulta de dichos vídeos entre los usuarios en España que buscan información fiable sobre esta vacuna en YouTube.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine. Methods In April 2019, a search was conducted on YouTube with the term vacuna gripe. We studied the association between the type of author, and country of publication, and the rest of the variables (tone of the message, type of publication, and vaccination recommendations according to the Spanish Ministry of Health, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. Results In total, 208 videos were assessed; 51.0% had been published from Spain and Mexico, and 79.8% of the videos supported the use of influenza vaccines. The main topics discussed in the videos were whether the vaccine should be considered the most effective method to prevent influenza (64.4%) and recommendations concerning the vaccination of people over 65 years old (43.3%). The variables type of authorship (healthcare professionals) and country of publication (Spain) were associated with a positive attitude towards vaccination (OR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.12-7.53 and OR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.15-0.65, respectively). Conclusions The existing information on YouTube about the influenza vaccine is not generally very complete, and it varies depending on the authorship of the videos and the country of publication. It would be advisable for healthcare professionals to publish videos promoting vaccination based on the guidelines from the Spanish Ministry of Health, and it is necessary to promote those videos for Spanish users who search for reliable information about this vaccine on YouTube.

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          Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2018–19 Influenza Season

          Summary This report updates the 2017–18 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the United States (MMWR Recomm Rep 2017;66[No. RR-2]). Routine annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. A licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate vaccine should be used. Inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs), recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV), and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) are expected to be available for the 2018–19 season. Standard-dose, unadjuvanted, inactivated influenza vaccines will be available in quadrivalent (IIV4) and trivalent (IIV3) formulations. Recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) will be available in quadrivalent formulations. High-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) and adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV3) will be available in trivalent formulations. Updates to the recommendations described in this report reflect discussions during public meetings of ACIP held on October 25, 2017; February 21, 2018; and June 20, 2018. New and updated information in this report includes the following four items. First, vaccine viruses included in the 2018–19 U.S. trivalent influenza vaccines will be an A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09–like virus, an A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus, and a B/Colorado/06/2017–like virus (Victoria lineage). Quadrivalent influenza vaccines will contain these three viruses and an additional influenza B vaccine virus, a B/Phuket/3073/2013–like virus (Yamagata lineage). Second, recommendations for the use of LAIV4 (FluMist Quadrivalent) have been updated. Following two seasons (2016–17 and 2017–18) during which ACIP recommended that LAIV4 not be used, for the 2018–19 season, vaccination providers may choose to administer any licensed, age-appropriate influenza vaccine (IIV, RIV4, or LAIV4). LAIV4 is an option for those for whom it is appropriate. Third, persons with a history of egg allergy of any severity may receive any licensed, recommended, and age-appropriate influenza vaccine (IIV, RIV4, or LAIV4). Additional recommendations concerning vaccination of egg-allergic persons are discussed. Finally, information on recent licensures and labeling changes is discussed, including expansion of the age indication for Afluria Quadrivalent (IIV4) from ≥18 years to ≥5 years and expansion of the age indication for Fluarix Quadrivalent (IIV4), previously licensed for ≥3 years, to ≥6 months. This report focuses on the recommendations for use of vaccines for the prevention and control of influenza during the 2018–19 season in the United States. A Background Document containing further information and a brief summary of these recommendations are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/flu.html. These recommendations apply to U.S.-licensed influenza vaccines used within Food and Drug Administration–licensed indications. Updates and other information are available at CDC’s influenza website (https://www.cdc.gov/flu). Vaccination and health care providers should check CDC’s influenza website periodically for additional information.
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            YouTube as a source of information on the H1N1 influenza pandemic.

            The ongoing H1N1 influenza pandemic has created a significant amount of health concern. Adequate dissemination of correct information about H1N1 influenza could help in decreasing the disease spread and associated anxiety in the population. This study aims to examine the effective use of the popular Internet video site YouTube as an information source during the initial phase of the H1N1 outbreak. YouTube was searched on June 26, 2009, using the keywords swine flu, H1N1 influenza, and influenza for videos uploaded in the past 3 months containing relevant information about the disease. The videos were classified as useful, misleading, or as news updates based on the kind of information contained. Total viewership, number of days since upload, total duration of videos, and source of upload were noted. A total of 142 videos had relevant information about H1N1 influenza. In all, 61.3% of videos had useful information about the disease, whereas 23% were misleading. Total viewership share of useful videos was 70.5%, whereas that of misleading videos was 17.5%, with no significant difference in viewership/day. The CDC contributed about 12% of the useful videos, with a significant viewership share of 47%. No significant differences were seen in viewership/day for useful videos based on the kind of information they contained. YouTube has a substantial amount of useful information about H1N1 influenza. A source-based preference is seen among the viewers, and CDC-uploaded videos are being used in an increasing proportion as a source of authentic information about the disease. Copyright (c) 2010 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Misinformation on vaccination: A quantitative analysis of YouTube videos

              In Italy, the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy has increased with time and represents a complex problem that requires a continuous monitoring. Misinformation on media and social media seems to be one of the determinants of the vaccine hesitancy since, for instance, 42.8 percent of Italian citizens used the internet to obtain vaccine information in 2016. This article reports a quantitative analysis of 560 YouTube videos related to the link between vaccines and autism or other serious side effects on children. The analysis revealed that most of the videos were negative in tone and that the annual number of uploaded videos has increased during the considered period, that goes from 27 December 2007 to 31 July 2017, with a peak of 224 videos in the first seven months of 2017. These findings suggest that the public institutions should be more engaged in establishing a web presence in order to provide reliable information, answers, stories, and videos so to respond to questions of the public about vaccination. These actions could be useful to allow citizens to make informed decisions about vaccines so to comply with vaccination regulations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                April 2020
                : 43
                : 1
                : 35-41
                Affiliations
                [2] Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Spain
                [1] orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública
                Article
                S1137-66272020000100004 S1137-6627(20)04300100004
                10.23938/assn.0752
                1258c4c1-1285-432d-942e-aefa4bd96e0e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 December 2019
                : 30 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Autoría,Influenza vaccine,YouTube,Information,Authorship,Audiovisual aids,Información,Vacuna antigripal,Vídeos

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