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      Is Social Network Diversity Associated with Tooth Loss among Older Japanese Adults?

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          Abstract

          Background

          We sought to examine social network diversity as a potential determinant of oral health, considering size and contact frequency of the social network and oral health behaviors.

          Methods

          Our cross-sectional study was based on data from the 2010 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Data from 19,756 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older were analyzed. We inquired about diversity of friendships based on seven types of friends. Ordered logistic regression models were developed to determine the association between the diversity of social networks and number of teeth (categorized as ≥20, 10–19, 1–9, and 0).

          Results

          Of the participants, 54.1% were women (mean age, 73.9 years; standard deviation, 6.2). The proportion of respondents with ≥20 teeth was 34.1%. After adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status (income, education, and occupation), marital status, health status (diabetes and mental health), and size and contact frequency of the social network, an increase in the diversity of social networks was significantly associated with having more teeth (odds ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.11). Even adjusted for oral health behaviors (smoking, curative/preventive dental care access, use of dental floss/fluoride toothpaste), significant association was still observed (odds ratio = 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.08)).

          Conclusion

          Social connectedness among people from diverse backgrounds may increase information channels and promote the diffusion of oral health behaviors and prevent tooth loss.

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          Most cited references24

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          Effect of a community intervention programme promoting social interactions on functional disability prevention for older adults: propensity score matching and instrumental variable analyses, JAGES Taketoyo study

          Background The efficacy of promoting social interactions to improve the health of older adults is not fully established due to residual confounding and selection bias. Methods The government of Taketoyo town, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, developed a resident-centred community intervention programme called ‘community salons’, providing opportunities for social interactions among local older residents. To evaluate the impact of the programme, we conducted questionnaire surveys for all older residents of Taketoyo. We carried out a baseline survey in July 2006 (prior to the introduction of the programme) and assessed the onset of functional disability during March 2012. We analysed the data of 2421 older people. In addition to the standard Cox proportional hazard regression, we conducted Cox regression with propensity score matching (PSM) and an instrumental variable (IV) analysis, using the number of community salons within a radius of 350 m from the participant's home as an instrument. Results In the 5 years after the first salon was launched, the salon participants showed a 6.3% lower incidence of functional disability compared with non-participants. Even adjusting for sex, age, equivalent income, educational attainment, higher level activities of daily living and depression, the Cox adjusted HR for becoming disabled was 0.49 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.72). Similar results were observed using PSM (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.83) and IV-Cox analysis (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.74). Conclusions A community health promotion programme focused on increasing social interactions among older adults may be effective in preventing the onset of disability.
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            Reasons for Permanent Tooth Extractions in Japan

            BACKGROUND There has been no nationwide study in Japan on reasons for extraction of permanent teeth. This survey was aimed to determine the reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Japan. METHODS Five thousand, one hudred and thirty-one dentists were selected by systematic selection from the 2004 membership directory of the Japan Dental Association. The dentists selected were asked to record the reason for each extraction of permanent teeth during a period of one week from February 1 through 7, 2005. Reasons for tooth extraction were assigned to five groups: caries, fracture of teeth weakened by caries or endodontics, periodontal diseases, orthodontics, and other reasons. RESULTS A total of 2,001 dentists (response rate of 39.1%) returned the questionnaires, and information on 9,115 extracted teeth from 7,499 patients was obtained. The results showed that caries and its sequela (totally 43.3%, 32.7% and 10.6%, respectively) and periodontal disease (41.8%) were the main reasons for teeth extraction. Extraction due to caries or fracture was commonly observed in all age groups over 15 years of age, whereas periodontal disease was predominant in the groups over 45 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Most of the permanent teeth were extracted due to caries and its sequela and periodontal disease. Prevention and care for dental caries for all age groups and periodontal disease for over middle age groups are required.
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              The oral health of people with anxiety and depressive disorders – a systematic review and meta-analysis

              Many psychological disorders are associated with comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease in common psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety in spite of risk factors in this population of diet, lifestyle or antidepressant-induced dry mouth.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                26 July 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 7
                : e0159970
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
                [2 ]Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
                [3 ]Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
                [4 ]Division of Dental Sociology, Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
                [5 ]Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Mihama, Japan
                [6 ]Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Japan
                [7 ]Department of Policy Studies, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Japan
                [8 ]Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                Taipei Veterans General Hospital, TAIWAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: JA KK IK. Performed the experiments: JA TY MS KI KS KK KO. Analyzed the data: JA KK TY MS KI KS IK KO. Wrote the paper: JA KK TY MS KI KS IK KO.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8405-9872
                Article
                PONE-D-16-10615
                10.1371/journal.pone.0159970
                4961379
                27459102
                125a2fd4-7ec7-4f86-a8fd-622b2221abd5
                © 2016 Aida et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 14 March 2016
                : 10 July 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001700, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology;
                Award ID: Strategic Research Foundation Grant-aided Project for Private Universities
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science;
                Award ID: 22330172, 22390400, 23243070, 23590786, 23790710, 24390469, 24530698, 24653150, 24683018, 25253052, 25870573, 25870881, 22390400, 22592327
                Funded by: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JP)
                Award ID: H22-Choju-Shitei-008, H24-Junkankitou-Ippan-007, H24-Chikyukibo-Ippan-009, H24-Choju-Wakate-009, H25-Kenki-Wakate-015, H25-Irryo-Shitei-003 (Fukkou), H26-Choju-Ippan-006
                Funded by: Japan Foundation for Aging and Health
                Award ID: Research Support Grant
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007312, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology;
                Award ID: 24-17, 24-23
                This study was supported by a grant of the Strategic Research Foundation Grant-aided Project for Private Universities from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sport, Science, and Technology, Japan (MEXT), 2009-2013, for the Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22330172, 22390400, 23243070, 23590786, 23790710, 24390469, 24530698, 24653150, 24683018, 25253052, 25870573, 25870881, 22390400, 22592327) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The study was also supported by a Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant, and grants for Comprehensive Research on Aging and Health (H22-Choju-Shitei-008, H24-Junkankitou-Ippan-007, H24-Chikyukibo-Ippan-009, H24-Choju-Wakate-009, H25-Kenki-Wakate-015, H25-Irryo-Shitei-003 (Fukkou), H26-Choju-Ippan-006) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, Japan Foundation for Aging and Health Research Support Grant, and also a grant from National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (No: 24-17; Chiyoe Murata, No:24-23;Tami Saitou). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Network Analysis
                Social Networks
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Social Networks
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Oral Medicine
                Oral Health
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Digestive Physiology
                Dentition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Digestive Physiology
                Dentition
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Behavioral and Social Aspects of Health
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Health Care
                Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
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                Public and Occupational Health
                Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Metabolic Disorders
                Diabetes Mellitus
                Physical Sciences
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                Chemical Compounds
                Fluorides
                Custom metadata
                All data used are from the JAGES study. All enquiries are to be addressed at the data management committee via e-mail: dataadmin.ml@ 123456jages.net . All JAGES datasets have ethical or legal restrictions for public deposition due to inclusion of sensitive information from the human participants.

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