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      Antidiabetic Activity of Nigella Sativa (Black Seeds) and Its Active Constituent (Thymoquinone): A Review of Human and Experimental Animal Studies

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          Abstract

          The use of herbal medicine to manage chronic conditions including diabetes has become a recent global trend. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. The present review is aimed to analyze the antidiabetic activity of N. sativa as many type 2 diabetic patients use it as a complementary therapy along with their modern allopathic medications or as an alternative therapy. The literature was reviewed in databases like Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of science, EMBASE, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to identify relevant articles supporting the use of N. sativa in diabetes management. Numerous clinical and animal studies have demonstrated the antidiabetic efficacy of black seeds ( N. sativa) and its major bioactive constituent thymoquinone. Based on these findings patients with diabetes may use N. sativa as an adjuvant therapy, which may help to reduce the dose and incidence of adverse effects of modern antidiabetic medicines.

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          WITHDRAWN: Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition

          To provide global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045.
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            The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety

            The use of herbal medicinal products and supplements has increased tremendously over the past three decades with not less than 80% of people worldwide relying on them for some part of primary healthcare. Although therapies involving these agents have shown promising potential with the efficacy of a good number of herbal products clearly established, many of them remain untested and their use are either poorly monitored or not even monitored at all. The consequence of this is an inadequate knowledge of their mode of action, potential adverse reactions, contraindications, and interactions with existing orthodox pharmaceuticals and functional foods to promote both safe and rational use of these agents. Since safety continues to be a major issue with the use of herbal remedies, it becomes imperative, therefore, that relevant regulatory authorities put in place appropriate measures to protect public health by ensuring that all herbal medicines are safe and of suitable quality. This review discusses toxicity-related issues and major safety concerns arising from the use of herbal medicinal products and also highlights some important challenges associated with effective monitoring of their safety.
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              A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb.

              Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine). It has been widely used as antihypertensive, liver tonics, diuretics, digestive, anti-diarrheal, appetite stimulant, analgesics, anti-bacterial and in skin disorders. Extensive studies on N. sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, antioxidant properties, etc. Due to its miraculous power of healing, N. sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines. This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Chonnam Med J
                Chonnam Med J
                CMJ
                Chonnam Medical Journal
                Chonnam National University Medical School
                2233-7385
                2233-7393
                September 2021
                24 September 2021
                : 57
                : 3
                : 169-175
                Affiliations
                Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen. Dubai Health Authority, Al Maktoum Bridge street, Bur Dubai, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates. Tel: +971-4-2164952, +971-50-5769833, Fax: +971-4-224430, nmmaideen@ 123456dha.gov.ae
                Article
                10.4068/cmj.2021.57.3.169
                8485088
                34621636
                126f103e-f3e2-4cec-8ca0-223829205656
                © Chonnam Medical Journal, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 May 2021
                : 26 July 2021
                : 27 July 2021
                Categories
                Review Article

                Medicine
                diabetes mellitus,nigella sativa,seeds,thymoquinone,hypoglycemic agents
                Medicine
                diabetes mellitus, nigella sativa, seeds, thymoquinone, hypoglycemic agents

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