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      Descrição de um novo método de ooforectomia em ratas Translated title: Description of a new method of ovariectomy in female rats

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          Abstract

          Atualmente, os ratos são os animais de laboratório mais usados para investigar a osteoporose. Apresentamos um método eficiente de ooforectomia e o comparamos com dois outros comumente utilizados para indução experimental de osteoporose (incisão cutânea dorsal na linha média e abordagem dorsolateral dupla). Ratas Wistar de 12 semanas de idade foram divididas em três grupos. No grupo A, a ooforectomia foi precedida por uma única incisão cutânea dorsal na linha média de 3 cm de comprimento; no grupo B, por incisões dorsolaterais duplas de aproximadamente 1 cm de comprimento cada; e no grupo C, por uma única incisão ventral transversal de 0,4-0,6 cm na região abdominal média. Os pesos corporais médios dos animais nos grupos A, B e C foram 258,12 ± 0,54 g, 255,78 ± 0,42 g e 254,55 ± 1,69 g, respectivamente. Houve diferenças significativas quanto à duração (em minutos) da cirurgia nos grupos B (9,65 ± 0,86) e C (7,55 ± 0,11;P < 0,001) em comparação à do grupo A (15,52 ± 0,30), e no grupo B (P < 0,01) em comparação à do grupo C. Os tempos de cicatrização da ferida (em dias) nos grupos B (9,22 ± 0,67) e C (8,01 ± 0,93) foram significativamente menores que aquele no grupo A (11,58 ± 1,2;P < 0,001), sendo tal tempo no grupo C discretamente menor que no grupo B. A cirurgia, como conduzida no grupo C, foi tecnicamente mais fácil, consumiu menos tempo e apresentou cicatrização mais rápida de ferida.

          Translated abstract

          Rats are currently the most used laboratory animals to investigate osteoporosis. We report an efficient method of ovariectomy and compared this method with the two other operative methods of ovariectomy (i.e., midline dorsal skin incision and double dorsolateral approach, which are used commonly for inducing experimental osteoporosis. Female Wistar rats, 12 weeks old, were divided into three groups. Ovariectomy was preceded by a single midline dorsal skin incision, 3 cm long, in the group A; double dorsolateral incisions, approximately 1 cm long, in the group B; and a single ventral transverse incision of 0.4-0.6 cm at the middle abdominal region in the group C. Animals in groups A, B, and C had a mean weight of 258.12 ± 0.54 g, 255.78 ± 0.42 g, and 254.55 ± 1.69 g, respectively. There were significant differences in the duration (in minutes) of surgery in the groups B (9.65 ± 0.86) and C (7.55 ± 0.11, P < 0.001) when compared to the group A (15.52 ± 0.30) and in the group B (P < 0.01) when compared to the group C. Wound healing time (in days) for groups B (9.22 ± 0.67) and C (8.01 ± 0.93) was significantly shorter than that for group A (11.58 ± 1.2, P < 0.001), with the wound healing time for group C being slightly shorter than that for group B. The surgery, as conducted in the group C, was technically easier, less time consuming and showed less wound healing duration.

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          Most cited references16

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          Vertical compared with transverse incisions in abdominal surgery.

          To reach an evidence-based consensus on the relative merits of vertical and transverse laparotomy incisions. Review of all published randomised controlled trials that compared the postoperative complications after the two main types of abdominal incisions, vertical and transverse. Teaching hospital, Denmark. Patients undergoing open abdominal operations. For some of the variables (burst abdomen and incisional hernia) it was considered adequate to include retrospective studies. Studies were identified through Medline, Cochrane library, Embase, and a manual search of relevant journals. The references cited in these studies were reviewed to find out whether any other trials fitted the selection criteria. Early complications including postoperative pain, pulmonary complications, burst abdomen, wound infection, and hospital stay, and late complications (incisional hernia). Eleven randomised controlled trials and seven retrospective studies were identified. The transverse incision offers as good an access to most intra-abdominal structures as a vertical incision. The transverse incision results in significantly less postoperative pain and fewer pulmonary complications. Vertical laparotomy, however, is associated with shorter operating time and better possibilities for extension of the incision. The pooled odds ratio for burst abdomen in the vertical incision group was 2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.72 to 4.73, p = 0.0001), and regarding late incisional hernia the pooled odds ratio was 1.68 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.57. p = 0.02). Transverse incisions in abdominal surgery are based on better anatomical and physiological principles. They should be recommended, as the early postoperative period is associated with fewer complications (pain, burst abdomen, and pulmonary morbidity) and there is lower incidence of late incisional hernia after transverse compared with vertical laparotomy. A midline incision is still the incision of choice in conditions that require rapid intra-abdominal entry (such as trauma) or where the preoperative diagnosis is uncertain, as it is quicker and can easily be extended.
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            Bone mineral density changes after ovariectomy in rats as an osteopenic model : stepwise description of double dorso-lateral approach.

            This study describes a method for inducing osteopenia using bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), which causes significant changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in rats. Twenty-five 10-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were used. Five rats were euthanized after two weeks, and BMD was measured in their femora. The other 20 rats were assigned to one of two groups : a sham group (n = 10), which underwent a sham operation, and an OVX group (n = 10), which underwent bilateral OVX at 12 weeks of age. After six weeks, five rats from each group were euthanized, and BMD was measured in their femora. The same procedures were performed in the remaining rats form each group eight weeks later. The femur BMD was significantly lower in the six-week OVX group than in the six-week sham group, and in the eight-week OVX group than in the eight-week sham group. Bilateral OVX is a safe method for creating an osteopenic rat model. The significant decrease in BMD appears six weeks after bilateral OVX.
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              Methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum inhibits ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats.

              Several animal and clinical studies have shown that phytoestrogens, plant-derived estrogenic compounds, can be useful in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. Phytoestrogens and phytoestrogen-containing plants are currently under active investigation for their role in estrogen-related disorders. The present study deals with anti-osteoporotic evaluation of phytoestrogen-rich plant Cuminum cyminum, commonly known as cumin. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and randomly assigned to 3 groups (10 rats/group). Additional 10 animals were sham operated. OVX and sham control groups were orally administered with vehicle while the other two OVX groups were administered 0.15 mg/kg estradiol and 1 g/kg of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum fruits (MCC) in two divided doses for 10 weeks. At the end of the study blood, bones and uteri of the animals were collected. Serum was evaluated for calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and tartarate resistant acid phosphatase. Bone density, ash density, mineral content and mechanical strength of bones were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of bones (tibia) was performed. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukeys multiple comparison test. MCC (1 g/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced urinary calcium excretion and significantly increased calcium content and mechanical strength of bones in comparison to OVX control. It showed greater bone and ash densities and improved microarchitecture of bones in SEM analysis. Unlike estradiol it did not affect body weight gain and weight of atrophic uterus in OVX animals. MCC prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats with no anabolic effect on atrophic uterus. The osteoprotective effect was comparable with estradiol.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbr
                Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia
                Rev. Bras. Reumatol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0482-5004
                1809-4570
                June 2012
                : 52
                : 3
                : 466-470
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameIndian Institute of Science orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Aeroespacial orgdiv2Laboratory for Integrative Multiscale Engineering Materials and Systems
                [01] orgnameAl-Ameen College of Pharmacy orgdiv1Departamento de Farmacologia
                Article
                S0482-50042012000300016
                10.1590/S0482-50042012000300016
                128710f9-b481-4b34-a431-196ee3d630da

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 March 2012
                : 26 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Comunicações Breves

                postmenopausal osteoporosis,animal models,ooforectomia,osteoporose pós-menopausa,modelos animais,ovariectomy

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