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      Hand span influences optimal grip span in adolescents with Down syndrome Translated title: La envergadura de la mano determina la longitud del agarre óptimo en adolescentes con síndrome de Down

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The hand grip strength test provides useful and reliable information about overall health. Different studies have investigated the optimal grip span for determining maximal hand grip strength in different populations such as adults, adolescents and children without disabilities. Objective: To ascertain whether there is an optimal grip span for determining maximal hand grip strength in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: Twenty-seven right-handed youths with DS (seven females) aged 15.5 ± 3.6 years were evaluated in this methodological study. Each hand was randomly tested on ten times using five different grip spans, allowing one-minute rest between attempts. The hand span was measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the small finger with the hand widely opened. To confirm the usefulness of the optimal grip span, a new group of 15 adolescents with DS were recruited. Results: An optimal grip span was identified for the dominant hand in adolescents with DS. The equation relating grip span as a function of dominant hand span in this group is formulated as follows: y = 0.342x - 1.161 cm (r = 0.63, p < 0.05). In the case of non-dominant hand, a tendency towards a linear association (p = 0.058) was found; the equation is formulated as follows: y = 0,210x + 1.324 cm. Conclusion: It is important to standardize the procedure and increase reliability when measuring hand grip strength in DS population. The values stated in this study are recommended to assess hand grip strength in adolescents with Down syndrome.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la fuerza isométrica máxima de antebrazo está relacionada con diferentes componentes de salud. Investigaciones previas han determinado la longitud de agarre óptima para el test de dinamometría manual tanto en adultos como en adolescentes y niños sin discapacidad. Objetivo: determinar si existe una longitud de agarre óptima para el cálculo de la fuerza máxima de antebrazo mediante dinamometría manual en adolescentes con síndrome de Down (SD). Métodos: en este estudio participaron 27 jóvenes con SD, diestros de mano y con una edad media de 15,5 ± 3,6 años. Ambas manos fueron evaluadas aleatoriamente diez veces usando cinco amplitudes de agarre diferentes y permitiendo un descanso de un minuto entre intentos. La envergadura de mano se midió desde la punta del primer al quinto dedo de la mano con la mano en su máxima amplitud. Para confirmar la utilidad del agarre óptimo establecido fueron reclutados otros 15 adolescentes con SD. Resultados: se identificó una longitud de agarre óptima para la mano dominante de los adolescentes con SD. La ecuación que determina la longitud de agarre en función de la envergadura de la mano quedó definida como: y = 0,342x - 1,161 cm (r = 0,63, p < 0,05). En la mano no dominante se observó una tendencia (p = 0.058), siendo la fórmula y = 0,210x + 1,324 cm. Conclusión: es importante estandarizar el procedimiento para aumentar la reproductibilidad del test de dinamometría manual cuando se mide la fuerza isométrica máxima del antebrazo en adolescentes con SD. Se recomienda usar los valores descritos en este artículo para el ajuste del dinamómetro cuando se realiza el test en adolescentes con SD.

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          Hand size influences optimal grip span in women but not in men.

          This study investigates which position (grip span) on the standard grip dynamometer results in maximum grip strength. Our null hypotheses included (1) no optimal grip span exists for measuring grip strength and (2) optimal grip span is unrelated to hand size. We also intended to derive a simple mathematical algorithm to adapt grip span to hand size. Seventy healthy subjects (40 women/30 men; mean age, 40 years; range; 20-80 years) free of upper-limb lesions were evaluated. Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans. Our findings showed that (1) optimal grip span was identified for both genders and (2) hand size and optimal grip span correlated in women but not in men. When measuring handgrip strength in women, hand size must be taken into consideration. We provide a mathematical equation (y = x/5 + 1.5 cm) to adapt optimal grip span (y) to hand size (x) in women. In adult men, optimal grip span can be set at a fixed value (5.5 cm).
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            Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers.

            To determine if there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum handgrip strength in male and female teenagers, and if the optimal grip span was related to hand span. If they are related then the second aim was to derive a mathematic equation relating hand span and optimal grip span. One hundred healthy teenage boys (15.1 +/- 1.1 y) and 106 girls (15.4 +/- 1.3 y) were evaluated (age range, 13-18 y). Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans, allowing a 1-minute rest between attempts. The hand span was measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the small finger with the hand opened as wide as possible. The results showed that an optimal grip span to determine the maximum handgrip strength was identified for both genders, and the optimal grip span and hand span correlated in both genders. The results suggest that there is an optimal grip span to which the dynamometer should be adjusted when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers. The optimal grip span was influenced by hand span in both genders. For males the optimal grip span can be derived from the equation y = x/7.2 + 3.1 cm, and for females from the equation y = x/4 + 1.1 cm. where y is the optimal grip span and x is the hand-span. These equations may improve the reliability and accuracy of the results and may guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the optimal grip span on the hand dynamometer when measuring handgrip strength in teenagers.
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              Hand span influences optimal grip span in boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years.

              The first aim was to determine whether there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum hand grip strength in boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years and whether the optimal grip span was related to hand span. If so, the second aim was to derive a mathematical equation relating hand span and optimal grip span. A total of 123 boys (9 y +/- 2) and 70 girls (8 y +/- 2) were evaluated. Each hand was randomly tested on 10 occasions using 5 different grip spans, allowing a 1-minute rest between attempts. The hand span was measured from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger with the hand opened widely. An optimal grip span to determine maximum hand grip strength was identified for both genders. Hand span and optimal grip span showed a significant linear association in the studied children. The equation relating grip span as a function of hand span in boys is formulated as y = x/4 + 0.44 and in girls as y = 0.3x - 0.52, where x is the hand span (maximal width between first and fifth fingers) and y is the optimal grip span. The results suggest that there is an optimal grip span to which the dynamometer should be adjusted when measuring hand grip strength in children. The optimal grip span was influenced by hand span in both genders.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2017
                : 34
                : 3
                : 626-631
                Affiliations
                [5] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal orgdiv1Instituto Ramón y Cajal para la Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS) orgdiv2Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Spain
                [3] Zaragoza orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza-CITA orgdiv1Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD). Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) orgdiv2Departament of Physical Medicine and Nursing Spain
                [4] Zaragoza orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón) Spain
                [1] Zaragoza Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza Spain
                [2] Huesca Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD) orgdiv2Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112017000300626
                10.20960/nh.612
                128ec916-d500-464a-90d5-329ca5fb11f2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 October 2016
                : 28 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Discapacidad intelectual,Dinamometría manual,Fiabilidad. Estandarización,Intellectual disability,Dynamometry,Reliability,Standardization

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