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      Tumores funcionales del ovario Translated title: Functional ovarian tumors

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          Abstract

          Se realizó una amplia revisión acerca de los tumores funcionales del ovario, y fueron los tumores estromales y de los cordones sexuales los que presentan con mayor frecuencia esta característica. A su vez, los tumores funcionales del ovario pueden secretar diferentes hormonas, tales como, estrógenos, andrógenos, gonadotropina coriónica y hormonas tiroideas, entre otras, lo cual está en dependencia de la variante histológica de que se trate. Finalmente, se hace referencia a los síndromes paraneoplásicos causados por algunas neoplasias ováricas, de los cuales el más frecuente es la hipercalcemia tumoral.

          Translated abstract

          A wide review on the functional ovarian tumors was made. The stromal tumors and those of the sexual cords presented this characteristic more frequently. The functional ovarian tumors may secrete different hormones such as estrogens, androgens, chorionic gonadotropin and thyroid hormones, among others, depending on the histological variant. Finally, reference was made to the paraneoplastic syndromes caused by some ovarian neoplasias, of which tumoral hypercalcemia is the most common.

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          Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

          Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary is oftentimes a hormonally active, stromal cell neoplasm that is distinguished by its ability to secrete sex steroids such as estrogen. Patients may present with vaginal bleeding caused by endometrial hyperplasia or uterine cancer as a result of prolonged exposure to tumor-derived estrogen. In addition, GCT is a vascular tumor that may occasionally rupture and result in abdominal pain, hemoperitoneum, and hypotension, mimicking an ectopic pregnancy in younger patients. GCT is usually associated with a mass on pelvic examination that is subsequently confirmed on ultrasonography. Surgery is required for definitive tissue diagnosis, staging, and tumor debulking. In older women, a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy are typically performed. In women of childbearing age, a more conservative unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be performed, assuming that careful staging reveals that the disease has not extended outside of the involved ovary and that a concomitant uterine cancer has been excluded. Survival of patients with GCT is generally excellent because most patients present with early-stage disease, although certain high-risk patient groups may be identified. Stage is the most important prognostic factor, with a higher risk of relapse being associated with stages II through IV disease. In addition, patients with stage I disease associated with features such as large tumor size, high mitotic index, or tumor rupture may also be at higher risk in some series. The value of postoperative adjuvant therapy for high-risk patients has not been investigated by prospective randomized trials, which are difficult to perform because of the rarity of this tumor. Nonetheless, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation has sometimes been associated with prolonged disease-free survival in patients with high-risk features. Because of the propensity of GCT to recur years after initial diagnosis, prolonged surveillance with serial physical examination and serum tumor markers such as estradiol and inhibin is reasonable.
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            The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states.

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              Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

              Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon neoplasms that arise from the sex-cord stromal cells of the ovary. GCTs are characterized by long natural history and their tendency to recur years after the initial diagnosis. They present with symptoms and signs due to estradiol secretion, including vaginal bleeding and precocious puberty. Occasionally, tumor rupture causes abdominal pain and hemoperitoneum. GCT is usually associated with a mass on pelvic examination which is subsequently confirmed with imagine techniques. Surgery is the mainstay of initial management for histological diagnosis, appropriate staging and debulking surgery. In patients with stage I disease and those in reproductive age a more conservative unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is indicated. In postmenopausal women and those with more advanced disease a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the appropriate surgical treatment. The most important prognostic factor associated with a higher risk of relapse is the stage of disease. The role of post-operative chemo- or radiotherapy in stage I disease and those with completely resected tumor has not been defined. Nevertheless, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy has sometimes been associated with prolonged disease-free survival and possibly overall survival. Chemotherapy should be considered for patients with advanced, recurrent or metastatic disease and the BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) is the currently preferable regimen. Although overall response rate (RR) is high, the impact on disease-free or overall survival is unknown. Due to their tendency to recur years after the initial diagnosis, prolonged surveillance is essential.
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                Author and article information

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                Journal
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                Revista Cubana de Endocrinología
                Rev Cubana Endocrinol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-2953
                December 2007
                : 18
                : 3
                : 0
                Article
                S1561-29532007000300007
                128efc8b-aa78-4d2e-9ee7-d061c5bf5d76

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1561-2953&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Functional ovarian tumors,Tumores funcionales ovario
                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Functional ovarian tumors, Tumores funcionales ovario

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