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      Evaluación de las vías de deterioro de una salsa artesanal para su comercialización Translated title: Evaluation of deterioration pathways of an artisanal sauce for its marketing

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Cada vez es mayor el número de consumidores que saben apreciar la calidad de un buen producto artesano y que, por lo tanto, están dispuestos a pagar por ello. La elaboración de productos artesanales busca emplear juiciosamente la mano de obra para elaborar productos de alto valor añadido como la originalidad y cualidades sensoriales. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la vida útil y el factor limitante de deterioro en una salsa picante casera para su potencial comercialización. Metodología: Se evaluaron tres posibles vías de deterioro: La descomposición microbiológica (determinada por la cuenta total de bacterias mesofílicas aerobias y coliformes totales), el deterioro de las características sensoriales (por evaluación sensorial mediante escala hedónica) y el deterioro fisicoquímico determinado por la degradación de la grasa después de un almacenamiento por 4 meses a 40°C. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias en las características sensoriales antes y después del almacenamiento (todas p<0,05). El crecimiento de mesofílicos aerobios y coliformes totales fue <10 UFC/g, de igual manera se determinó el pH para evaluar el riesgo de que pudiese ser debido a crecimiento de C. botulinum, no obstante, además de no observarse la producción de gas el pH fue de 3,6, por lo que se descartó un potencial crecimiento de este microorganismo. Conclusiones: La principal vía de deterioro en la salsa analizada es la degradación de la grasa, reflejado en los cambios de las variables fisicoquímicas acidez, índice de peróxidos, índice de yodo e índice de saponificación. Se considera que el tiempo de vida estimado para la salsa es de 3 semanas sin tratamiento térmico a temperatura ambiente o 4 meses en refrigeración también sin tratamiento térmico. El producto es bien aceptado sensorialmente, por lo que la única limitante es la degradación de la grasa en un período de conservación largo o almacenada de manera no apropiada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: There is an increasing number of consumers who appreciate the quality of a good artisan product and who, therefore, are willing to pay for it. The elaboration of artisanal products seeks to judiciously use labor to produce products with high added value such as originality and sensory qualities. The objective of this work is to evaluate the useful life and the limiting factor of deterioration in a homemade hot sauce for its potential commercialization. Methodology: Three possible pathways of deterioration were evaluated: Microbiological degradation (determined by the total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and total coliforms), deterioration of sensory characteristics (by sensory evaluation using a hedonic scale) and physicochemical deterioration determined by degradation of the fat after storage for 4 months at 40°C. Results: Differences were found in sensory characteristics before and after storage (all p<0.05). The growth of mesophilic aerobes and total coliform bacteria were <10 CFU/g, pH was evaluated for the risk that it could be due to the growth of C. botulinum, however, in addition to not observing the production of gas the pH was 3.6, so a potential growth of this microorganism was ruled out. Conclusions: The main path of deterioration in the sauce analyzed is the degradation of fats, reflected in the changes in the physicochemical variable’s acidity, peroxide index, iodine index and saponification index. It is considered that the estimated shelf life for the sauce was 3 weeks without heat treatment at room temperature or 4 months in refrigeration, also without heat treatment. The product is well accepted sensorily, so the only limitation would be the degradation of the fat in a long storage period, or it will be stored in an inappropriate way.

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          The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing.

          Given evident multiple threats to food systems and supplies, food security, human health and welfare, the living and physical world and the biosphere, the years 2016-2025 are now designated by the UN as the Decade of Nutrition, in support of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. For these initiatives to succeed, it is necessary to know which foods contribute to health and well-being, and which are unhealthy. The present commentary outlines the NOVA system of food classification based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing. Evidence that NOVA effectively addresses the quality of diets and their impact on all forms of malnutrition, and also the sustainability of food systems, has now accumulated in a number of countries, as shown here. A singular feature of NOVA is its identification of ultra-processed food and drink products. These are not modified foods, but formulations mostly of cheap industrial sources of dietary energy and nutrients plus additives, using a series of processes (hence 'ultra-processed'). All together, they are energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, refined starches, free sugars and salt, and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients. Ultra-processed products are made to be hyper-palatable and attractive, with long shelf-life, and able to be consumed anywhere, any time. Their formulation, presentation and marketing often promote overconsumption. Studies based on NOVA show that ultra-processed products now dominate the food supplies of various high-income countries and are increasingly pervasive in lower-middle- and upper-middle-income countries. The evidence so far shows that displacement of minimally processed foods and freshly prepared dishes and meals by ultra-processed products is associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient profiles and several diet-related non-communicable diseases. Ultra-processed products are also troublesome from social, cultural, economic, political and environmental points of view. We conclude that the ever-increasing production and consumption of these products is a world crisis, to be confronted, checked and reversed as part of the work of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and its Decade of Nutrition.
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            The importance of food naturalness for consumers: Results of a systematic review

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              Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Soy Sauce: A Review

              Soy sauce is a fermented product, and its flavor is a complex mixture of individual senses which, in combination, create a strong palatable condiment for many Eastern and Western dishes. This Review focuses on our existing knowledge of the chemical compounds present in soy sauce and their potential relevance to the flavor profile. Taste is dominated by umami and salty sensations. Free amino acids, nucleotides, and small peptides are among the most important taste-active compounds. Aroma is characterized by caramel-like, floral, smoky, malty, and cooked potato-like odors. Aroma-active volatiles are chemically diverse including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furanones, pyrazines, and S-compounds. The origin of all compounds relates to both the raw ingredients and starter cultures used as well as the parameters applied during production. We are only just starting to help develop innovative studies where we can combine different analytical platforms and chemometric analysis to link flavor attributes to chemical composition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                December 2022
                : 26
                : 4
                : 294-302
                Affiliations
                [3] Puebla City orgnameBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas orgdiv2Departamento de Bioquímica-Alimentos Mexico
                [4] orgnameBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas orgdiv2Especialidad en Tecnología e inocuidad de los alimentos Mexico
                [6] Chillán orgnameUniversidad del Bío-Bío orgdiv1Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública Chile
                [5] orgnameUniversidad del Bío-Bío orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos orgdiv2Programa UBB Saludable, Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública Chile
                [2] orgnameUniversidad La Salle México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Químicas México
                [1] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Geriatría orgdiv1Dirección de Investigación México
                [7] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Licenciatura en Nutrición Mexico
                Article
                S2174-51452022000400294 S2174-5145(22)02600400294
                10.14306/renhyd.26.4.1713
                12abe042-200a-429c-8329-52d1481dd5a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 September 2022
                : 30 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Vida útil,Food Safety,Food Preservation,Food Analysis,Food Storage,Almacenamiento de Alimentos,Inocuidad de los Alimentos,Conservación de Alimentos,Análisis de los Alimentos,Shelf life

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