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      Yam: a neglected and underutilized crop in Brazil Translated title: Inhame: uma cultura negligenciada e subutilizada no Brasil

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          Abstract

          In Brazil current studies and investments on yams are incipient. Similarly, the literature in recent decades lacks adequate information on this group of plants. The existing literature, on its turn, requires more than ever to be revised and organized. Yams have joined the so-called "neglected" group of crops for several reasons, but particularly because they are associated with poor and traditional communities. Many vegetables introduced in Brazil during the colonization period have adapted to different cropping systems, yams being an excellent example. This diversity resulted very widespread, yet poorly recognized in the country. In turn, the gardens using traditional farming systems continue to maintain and enhance yam local varieties. Studies from other countries, with an emphasis on characterization and genetic breeding, brought to light an urgent need for Brazil to invest in yams as a food rich in carbohydrates, even to the point of alterations in food public policy. Reversal of the yam's current stigma is both a challenge to the scientific community and to the population as a whole. This paper aims to raise pertinent questions about Dioscorea species, an important key group for many communities in tropical countries, yet still unrecognized as so in Brazil.

          Translated abstract

          No Brasil, estudos e investimentos ao inhame são incipientes. Similarmente, a literatura nas últimas décadas apresenta informações insuficientes para este grupo de plantas. A literatura existente, por sua vez, exige mais que nunca ser revisada e organizada. O inhame tem-se unido ao grupo de culturas ditas "negligenciadas" por diversas razões, mas particularmente devido ao fato de estar associado às comunidades pobres e tradicionais. Muitos vegetais introduzidos no Brasil durante o período da colonização têm-se adaptado a diferentes sistemas de cultivo, sendo o inhame um excelente exemplo. Esta diversidade é resultado de uma ampla dispersão, ainda pouco conhecida no país. Por sua vez, as roças usam o sistema de agricultura tradicional de forma a manter e aumentar as variedades locais de inhame. Estudos de outros países, com ênfase na caracterização e melhoramento genético, trouxeram à luz uma necessidade urgente de o Brasil investir em inhame como uma rica fonte de carboidratos, mesmo apesar das mudanças na política alimentar pública. Reverter o atual estigma do inhame é um duplo desafio para a comunidade científica e população como um todo. Este artigo objetiva-se a trazer questões pertinentes sobre as espécies do gênero Dioscorea, um importante grupo para muitas comunidades em países tropicais, contudo ainda pouco conhecido no Brasil.

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          Current and lost diversity of cultivated varieties, especially cassava, under swidden cultivation systems in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

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            Genetic Diversity of the Greater Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and Relatedness to D. nummularia Lam. and D. transversa Br. as Revealed with AFLP Markers

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              Revision of ploidy status of Dioscorea alata L. (Dioscoreaceae) by cytogenetic and microsatellite segregation analysis.

              Dioscorea alata is a polyploid species with several ploidy levels and its basic chromosome number has been considered by most authors to be x = 10. Standard chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine the chromosome number of 110 D. alata accessions of the CIRAD germplasm collection. The results revealed that 76% of accessions have 2n = 40 chromosomes, 7% have 2n = 60 chromosomes and 17% have 2n = 80 chromosomes. Progenies were produced from 2n = 40 types of D. alata and the segregation patterns of six microsatellite markers in four different progenies were analysed. The Bayesian method was used to test for diploid versus tetraploid (allo- and autotetraploid) modes of inheritance. The results provided the genetic evidence to establish the diploidy of plants with 2n = 40 chromosomes and to support the hypothesis that plants with 2n = 40, 60 and 80 chromosomes are diploids, triploids and tetraploids, respectively, and that the basic chromosome number of D. alata is x = 20. The findings obtained in the present study are significant for effective breeding programs, genetic diversity analysis and elucidation of the phylogeny and the species origin of D. alata.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                hb
                Horticultura Brasileira
                Hortic. Bras.
                Associação Brasileira de Horticultura (Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil )
                0102-0536
                1806-9991
                March 2011
                : 29
                : 1
                : 16-20
                Affiliations
                [01] Piracicaba SP orgnameUSP orgdiv1ESALQ orgdiv2Lab. Ecologia Evolutiva e Genética Aplicada
                Article
                S0102-05362011000100003 S0102-0536(11)02900103
                10.1590/S0102-05362011000100003
                12bd6dc0-e50d-47bc-95f8-a815059dd8a8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 February 2011
                : 01 September 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Invited Article

                Dioscorea spp.,tubers,traditional agriculture,agrobiodiversity,molecular markers,tubérculos,agricultura tradicional,agrobiodiversidade,marcadores moleculares

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