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      Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Sucrose Erucate Translated title: Enzymatische Synthese und Charakterisierung von Saccharose-Erucat

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          Abstract

          The enzyme catalyzed synthesis is a environmentally friendly route compared to traditional syntheses. The lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sucrose erucate was achieved in a solvent mixture of t-butanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (4: 1) by esterification of sucrose with erucic acid using the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase. Various process parameters like temperature, substrate molar ratio, solvent, time, and enzyme loading were studied. The optimal conditions for the esterification reaction obtained were 10 %(w/w) enzyme loading, a molar ratio sucrose/fatty acid 1: 1, mild reaction conditions (50 °C and atmospheric pressure) and reaction time (40 h with 55.6 % conversion). The sugar esters were characterized for surfactant properties at different concentration. Sucrose erucate showed a surface tension of (32.73 ± 0.01) mN m −1at a critical micellar concentration of 9.8 × 10 −5 mol L −1 and good emulsification power.

          Kurzfassung

          Die enzymkatalysierte Synthese ist ein umweltfreundliches Verfahren im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Synthesen. Die lipasekatalysierte Synthese von Saccharose-Erucat wurde in einem Lösungsmittelgemisch aus t-Butanol und Dimethylsulfoxid (4: 1) durch Veresterung von Saccharose mit Erucasäure unter Verwendung der immobilisierten Thermomyces lanuginosus-Lipase erreicht. Es wurden verschiedene Prozessparameter wie Temperatur, Substrat-Molverhältnis, Lösungsmittel, Zeit und Enzymbeladung untersucht. Die optimalen Bedingungen für die erhaltene Veresterungsreaktion betrugen 10 % (Gew./Gew.) Enzymbeladung, ein Molverhältnis von Saccharose zu Fettsäure von 1: 1, milde Reaktionsbedingungen (50 °C und atmosphärischer Druck) und eine Reaktionszeit von 40 Stunden für eine Umwandlung von 55,6 %. Die Zuckerester wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Tensideigenschaften bei unterschiedlicher Konzentration charakterisiert. Saccharose-Erucat zeigte eine Oberflächenspannung von (32,73 ± 0,01) mN m −1 bei einer kritischen Mizellenbildungskonzentration von 9.8 × 10 −5 mol L −1 und ein gutes Emulgiervermögen.

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          An apparatus for comparison of foaming properties of soaps and detergents

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            Synthesis of sugar esters in solvent mixtures by lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Candida antarctica B, and their antimicrobial properties

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              Lipase in aqueous-polar organic solvents: activity, structure, and stability.

              Studying alterations in biophysical and biochemical behavior of enzymes in the presence of organic solvents and the underlying cause(s) has important implications in biotechnology. We investigated the effects of aqueous solutions of polar organic solvents on ester hydrolytic activity, structure and stability of a lipase. Relative activity of the lipase monotonically decreased with increasing concentration of acetone, acetonitrile, and DMF but increased at lower concentrations (upto ~20% v/v) of dimethylsulfoxide, isopropanol, and methanol. None of the organic solvents caused any appreciable structural change as evident from circular dichorism and NMR studies, thus do not support any significant role of enzyme denaturation in activity change. Change in 2D [15N, 1H]-HSQC chemical shifts suggested that all the organic solvents preferentially localize to a hydrophobic patch in the active-site vicinity and no chemical shift perturbation was observed for residues present in protein's core. This suggests that activity alteration might be directly linked to change in active site environment only. All organic solvents decreased the apparent binding of substrate to the enzyme (increased Km ); however significantly enhanced the kcat . Melting temperature (Tm ) of lipase, measured by circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry, altered in all solvents, albeit to a variable extent. Interestingly, although the effect of all organic solvents on various properties on lipase is qualitatively similar, our study suggest that magnitudes of effects do not appear to follow bulk solvent properties like polarity and the solvent effects are apparently dictated by specific and local interactions of solvent molecule(s) with the protein.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tsd
                Tenside Surfactants Detergents
                Carl Hanser Verlag
                0932-3414
                2195-8564
                15 November 2017
                : 54
                : 6
                : 539-545
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence address, Prof. Dr. Amit Pratap, Department of Oils, oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956; Formerly UDCT/UICT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga (East), Mumbai-400019, India, Tel.: +91-22-33611111/2222 Ext. 2557, Fax: +91-22-33611020, E-Mail: amitpratap0101@ 123456rediffmail.com , ap.pratap@ 123456ictmumbai.edu.in

                Dr. Amit P. Pratap completed his graduation and post graduation in Oil Technology in 2001 and obtained doctorate degree in 2006 from Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India. He served the department as a ‘Professor J. G. Kane Academic Associate' for over two years and at present he is working as Associate Professor. For the 13 years he is involved in the teaching, research and development in the field of surfactants, emulsions, microemulsions, vegetable oil based lubricants, additives, specialty products and biosurfactants.

                Ms. Jagruti Jadhav completed post graduation in Green Technology from Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India. At present she is perusing Ph. D. (Tech.) in Green Technology in the Department of Oils, Oleochemicals and Surfactants Technology at ICT.

                Article
                TS110528
                10.3139/113.110528
                12dc9ba2-a5a3-485b-a346-10d89894c421
                © 2017, Carl Hanser Publisher, Munich
                History
                : 19 April 2017
                : 22 June 2017
                Page count
                References: 25, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Physical Chemistry

                Chemistry,Pharmaceutical chemistry,Analytical chemistry,General chemistry
                esterification,Sucrose erucate, Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase,surfactant,Saccharose erucate, Thermomyces lanuginosus ,Veresterung,Tensid

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