27
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Beneficios de la distracción mandibular en neonatos con apnea del sueño Translated title: Benefits of mandibular distraction on newborn infants with sleep apnea

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          La apnea obstructiva del sueño o hipoventilación obstructiva en neonatos, es distinta que en los adultos y también lo son su presentación, etiología y tratamiento. Se considera apnea del sueño cuando se produce 1 episodio de apnea por hora de más de 10 segundos de duración, con saturación menor del 87% e incremento del CO2. Existen varias causas, pero los factores anatómicos y neurofuncionales son la base del problema respiratorio superior que produce fallos en las fuerzas que contraen y dilatan la vía aérea. La retromicrognatia como causa anatómica, puede ser aislada o sindrómica. La hipoxemia y la hipercapnia aumentan la presión negativa intratorácica del paciente con la consecuencia de daño celular sin que se pueda cuantificar la gravedad de la lesión cerebral en esta etapa neonatal. En el presente estudio, observacional descriptivo, entre los años 2000 y 2011, en una serie de 49 pacientes neonatos de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Recién Nacido del Hospital Universitario del Valle y del Centro Médico Imbanaco de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, pretendemos evidenciar los beneficios del tratamiento precoz de los neonatos que presentan retromicrognatia y apnea obstructiva o hipoventilación obstructiva, intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante corticotomía, colocación de distractores y elongación mandibular, logrando que la apnea obstructiva desapareciera en un tiempo no superior a una semana y que la mejoría clínica de los recién nacidos con este diagnostico fuera evidente, evitando la traqueotomía y las posibles complicaciones y secuelas por hipoxia cerebral, a la vez que disminuyó la estancia hospitalaria.

          Translated abstract

          The obstructive sleep apnea or obstructive hypoventilation in neonates is different than on adults, therefore the presentation, etiology and treatment are different too; it's considered sleep apnea 1 episode an hour for more than 10 seconds, with saturation lower than 87% and increment of CO2. There are several etiological causes but anatomical and neurophysiological factors are the basis of upper respiratory problem that produces failures that produces forces that tighten and relax the airway. Retromicrognathia as the anatomical cause can be isolated or syndromic. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia increase the intrathoracic negative pressure with the consequence of cell damage without being able to quantify the severity of brain injury in the neonatal period. We present an observational descriptive study, case series conducted between 2000 and 2011, in 49 neonatal patients in the Intensive Care Unit of Valley University Hospital and Imbanaco Medical Center in Cali, Colombia. The study aims to show the benefits of early management of infants who developed retro-micrognathia and obstructive apnea or obstructive hypoventilation, which were surgically treated with corticotomy, placement of distractors and mandibular elongation, getting obstructive sleep apnea disappears in a time no more than a week and that clinical improvement of neonates with this diagnosis, avoiding tracheotomy and possible complications and consequences of cerebral hypoxia, and decreasing hospital stay.

          Related collections

          Most cited references16

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin sequence and related respiratory problems in children.

          Sleep apnea is one of the most frequent manifestations of respiratory obstruction. Historically this clinical entity has stimulated the production of numerous valuable contributions with one purpose in mind: the improvement of airway permeability. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the problem in anatomic and functional terms to avoid a tracheostomy and prevent long-term sequels. We decided on an approach that focuses on improving the projection of the tongue in the posterior pharynx; by lengthening the mandible and bringing the muscular insertions of the floor of the mouth forward, the antero-posterior dimensions of the airway are increased.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mandibular distraction in neonates: a strategy to avoid tracheostomy.

            Over the past 5 years, the authors developed an application of mandibular distraction osteogenesis to eliminate existing tracheostomy. That experience led the authors to attempt mandibular distraction osteogenesis in neonates as an alternative before tracheostomy. Success with this approach using supporting objective airway measurements has been reported previously. This report includes six neonates diagnosed with Pierre Robin sequence. Of the six, five neonates ranging in age from 6 to 26 days (mean, 14.5 days) were treated by the authors with mandibular distraction over a 22-month period. The sixth neonate was treated with tracheostomy, because of other airway abnormalities. Findings included retrognathia, glossoptosis, incomplete cleft palate, and airway obstruction in each patient. Birth weights ranged from 2.8 to 3.2 kg. All patients were unable to control their airway during feeding, as evidenced by repeated episodes of choking and obstruction. Resting oxygen saturations were in the 70 to 80 percent range in all patients, with further deterioration during attempted feeding. Bronchoscopy was performed in all patients under anesthesia before distraction. Recurrent near-complete and intermittent complete airway obstruction were present in all patients at the level of the tongue base. There was a consensus by a pediatric intensivist, a pediatric anesthesiologist, and a pediatric otolaryngologist in all cases. Each patient met all criteria requiring ventilation for life support. Tracheostomy would be required if mandibular distraction osteogenesis was not performed, or if it failed. Patients with other airway abnormalities were not considered for treatment. Maxillomandibular disharmony measured at the midline ranged from 8 to 15 mm (mean, 11.2 mm). Active distraction was performed at the rate of 1 to 2 mm a day, with a consolidation period of 4 weeks. Total time of treatment was less than 6 weeks in all cases. All patients were extubated by the completion of active distraction. Distraction distance ranged from 8 to 15 mm (mean, 12.4 mm). All patients were discharged to home on apnea monitors, the use of which was discontinued after 90 days with no further apneic events. Weight gains met or exceeded the average 500 g a month after distraction. Bronchoscopy at the time of distractor removal showed correction of airway obstruction at the tongue base. Radiographs showed bilateral ossification of the distraction sites. Tracheostomy was avoided in all cases selected for treatment by distraction. Patient follow-up range was 9 to 22 months. In selected Pierre Robin sequence patients with tongue base airway obstruction, mandibular distraction osteogenesis can successfully avoid the need for and the associated mortality and morbidity of indwelling tracheostomy.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Mechanical forces as predictors of healing during tibial lengthening by distraction osteogenesis.

              Direct axial loads were measured weekly during a 15% left tibial lengthening in 21 skeletally mature dogs using three in-line load cells mounted between the rings of an Ilizarov external fixator. The loads increased linearly over time to a maximum at the end of distraction (Week 4). The metaphyseal lengthening sites (mean, 155 N) generated significantly higher loads than diaphyseal sites (mean, 111 N). Stress was calculated by dividing measured load by the computed tomographic-measured cross-sectional area of each distraction osteogenesis site; the metaphyseal and diaphyseal groups demonstrated equal stress at each time point with a maximum of 47 N/cm2 at the end of distraction. Six premature consolidations occurred that demonstrated loads significantly greater than 200 N by Week 2 of distraction. Three nonunions occurred that had significantly lower loads measured by Week 3 of distraction (mean, 60 N or 26 N/cm2).
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                December 2013
                : 39
                : 4
                : 411-417
                Affiliations
                [03] Cali orgnameCentro Médico Imbanaco Colombia
                [01] orgnameUniversidad del Valle
                [02] orgnameHospital Universitario del Valle
                Article
                S0376-78922013000400012
                10.4321/S0376-78922013000400012
                12e5eec0-7eab-4014-95e6-b46f11a59fd8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Pierre Robín,Neonatal apnea,Mandibular distraction,Osteogenesis,Pierre Robin,Apnea neonatos,Distracción mandibular,Osteogénesis

                Comments

                Comment on this article