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      Morphology and molecular evidence support the validity of Pogonias courbina (Lacepède, 1803) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae), with a redescription and neotype designation

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          Abstract

          The family Sciaenidae comprises about 300 species. The black drum Pogonias cromis was the only valid species of the genus. Herein, Pogonias courbina Lacepède 1803 is redescribed based on morphological and molecular evidence and a neotype is designated. Pogonias courbina is distinguished by the following characters: the occurrence of characteristic thickening of the dorsal spines VII to XI in all specimens larger than 250 mm SL; all pterygiophores in the dorsal-fin laminar, thin; anal-fin pterygiophores slender excluded those of spines; lateral projections of gas bladder with few finger-like projections; genetic distance between both species 1%; exclusive occurrence of characters in six informative sites of COI (58 G; 214 G; 328 A; 331 A; 553C; 580 G). The method Automatic Barcode gap Discovery detected gaps in nucleotid distance congruent with the NJ, MP, and ML tree analysis. Also, advertisement calls are three times shorter in duration in P. courbina than in P. cromis. In addition, two monophyletic groups for P. cromis and P. courbina appear in trees obtained with different methodologies, emphasizing the absence of shared haplotypes. A gap of about 8000 km occurs in the distribution of both species along coastal areas of the Atlantic Ocean.

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          An inexpensive, automation-friendly protocol for recovering high-quality DNA

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            Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding

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              Spider: an R package for the analysis of species identity and evolution, with particular reference to DNA barcoding.

              Spider: SPecies IDentity and Evolution in R is a new R package implementing a number of useful analyses for DNA barcoding studies and associated research into species delimitation and speciation. Included are functions essential for generating important summary statistics from DNA barcode data, assessing specimen identification efficacy, and for testing and optimizing divergence threshold limits. In terms of investigating evolutionary and taxonomic questions, techniques for assessing diagnostic nucleotides and probability of reciprocal monophyly are also provided. Additionally, a sliding window function offers opportunities to analyse information across a gene, essential for marker design in degraded DNA studies. Spider capitalizes on R's extensible ethos and offers an integrated platform ideal for the analysis of both nucleotide and morphological data. The program can be obtained from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN, http://cran.r-project.org) and from the R-Forge package development site (http://spider.r-forge.r-project.org/). © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: SoftwareRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                19 June 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 6
                : e0216280
                Affiliations
                [1 ] CONICET, División Zoología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [2 ] CONICET, Laboratorio iBOL de referencia de Mar del Plata, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [3 ] CONICET, División Paleontología, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [4 ] Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
                [5 ] CONICET, Laboratorio de Biotaxonomía Morfólogica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mar del Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
                Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, BRAZIL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-6424
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-1771
                Article
                PONE-D-18-17283
                10.1371/journal.pone.0216280
                6584015
                31216281
                12eaacda-bc09-4d09-a629-31ff294ed487
                © 2019 Azpelicueta et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 28 June 2018
                : 17 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 11, Tables: 2, Pages: 24
                Funding
                Funded by: Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica PICT 2014-2357
                Award ID: PICT 2014-2357
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de Mar del Plata
                Award ID: EXA 867/18
                Award Recipient :
                This research was funded by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2014-2357 to ALC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de Mar del Plata (EXA 867/18 to JMDA), and the FAPESP grants 2016/09204-6, 2014/26508-3, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq proc. 306054/2006-0 (to CO). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Earth sciences
                Marine and aquatic sciences
                Bodies of water
                Oceans
                Atlantic Ocean
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Eyes
                Biology and Life Sciences
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                Ocular System
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                Ocular System
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                Custom metadata
                The molecular vouchers are deposited in the UNMDP collection (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata). The molecular sequences are registered at GenBank; accession numbers are available in Table 2.

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