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Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Over-Expressing Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Are Protected against Aneurysm Formation but Not against Atherosclerotic Plaque Development

research-article

Author(s): Clarisse Cuaz-Pérolin ^{a, b} , Imen Jguirim ^e , Guilhem Larigauderie ^{a, b} , Awatef Jlassi ^e , Christophe Furman ^{a, b} , Martine Moreau ^d , M. John Chapman ^d , Jean-Charles Fruchart ^{a, b} , Mohamed Naceur Slimane ^e , Hafid Mezdour ^c , Mustapha Rouis ^{a, b}

Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2006

Journal: Journal of Vascular Research

Publisher: S. Karger AG

Keywords: Aneurysm, Atherosclerotic lesions, Plaque, Metalloproteinase inhibitors

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Abstract

Aims: We investigated the effect of plasma levels of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (hTIMP)-1 on arterial lesion development and aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice (ApoE<sup>–/–</sup>). Methods: Control and transgenic mice were fed either a chow diet or a high-fat diet for 90 and 180 days. Results: hTIMP-1 has a tendency to decrease atherosclerotic lesions, but did not attain significance (approximately 6% reduction in hTIMP-1<sup>+/+</sup>, p = 0.075, and approximately 4% in hTIMP-1<sup>+/0</sup>, p = 0.088 vs. control). Immunohistological and histological analyses revealed a reduction in macrophage accumulation (23% of control in hTIMP<sup>+/0</sup>, p = 0.065, and 49% of control in hTIMP<sup>+/+</sup>, p < 0.05) but not in collagen degradation within the lesion in transgenic mice. Moreover, elastin degradation in sites of pseudo-microaneurysms was reduced in transgenic mice (37% of control in hTIMP-1<sup>+/0</sup>, p < 0.05, and 50% of control in hTIMP-1<sup>+/+</sup>, p < 0.05). DNA array analysis of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression followed by real-time PCR quantification revealed a significant up-regulation of MMP-3, MMP-12 and MMP-13 in arterial lesions of ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice fed a high-fat diet in comparison with the same mice fed a chow diet. Conclusion: These data show that hTIMP-1 reduces aneurysm formation in ApoE<sup>–/–</sup> mice but does not protect them against the development of arterial lesions.

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Most cited references 13

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Progression of coronary atherosclerosis is associated with a common genetic variant of the human stromelysin-1 promoter which results in reduced gene expression.

S. Ye, P. Eriksson, A Hamsten … (1996)

There is a common polymorphism in the promoter sequence of the human stromelysin-1 gene, with one allele having a run of six adenosines (6A) and the other five adenosines (5A). We have previously reported, in a 3-year follow-up study of patients with coronary atherosclerosis, that those patients who are homozygous for the 6A allele show a more rapid progression of the disease. In this study, we have investigated whether the 5A/6A promoter polymorphism plays a role in the regulation of stromelysin-1 gene expression. In transient transfection experiments, a stromelysin-1 promoter construct with 6A at the polymorphic site was found to express less of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene than a construct containing 5A. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting revealed the interaction of one or more nuclear protein(s) with the DNA sequence at the 5A/6A polymorphic site. The binding of one of the nucleoprotein factors was more readily detectable with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the 6A allele as compared with a probe corresponding to the 5A allele. Replacing the core binding sequence with a random DNA sequence abolished the interaction between the nuclear protein(s) and the probe and also increased reporter gene expression in transiently transfected cells. Thus, the common 5A/6A polymorphism of the human stromelysin-1 promoter appears to play an important role in regulating stromelysin-1 gene expression and may be involved in the progression of coronary heart disease.

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Divergent effects of matrix metalloproteinases 3, 7, 9, and 12 on atherosclerotic plaque stability in mouse brachiocephalic arteries.

Tanya Johnson, S. George, Andrew C. Newby … (2005)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in the growth, destabilization, and eventual rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. Using the mouse brachiocephalic artery model of plaque instability, we compared apolipoprotein E (apoE)/MMP-3, apoE/MMP-7, apoE/MMP-9, and apoE/MMP-12 double knockouts with their age-, strain-, and sex-matched apoE single knockout controls. Brachiocephalic artery plaques were significantly larger in apoE/MMP-3 and apoE/MMP-9 double knockouts than in controls. The number of buried fibrous layers was also significantly higher in the double knockouts, and both knockouts exhibited cellular compositional changes indicative of an unstable plaque phenotype. Conversely, lesion size and buried fibrous layers were reduced in apoE/MMP-12 double knockouts compared with controls, and double knockouts had increased smooth muscle cell and reduced macrophage content in the plaque, indicative of a stable plaque phenotype. ApoE/MMP-7 double knockout plaques contained significantly more smooth muscle cells than controls, but neither lesion size nor features of stability were altered in these animals. Hence, MMP-3 and MMP-9 appear normally to play protective roles, limiting plaque growth and promoting a stable plaque phenotype. MMP-12 supports lesion expansion and destabilization. MMP-7 has no effect on plaque growth or stability, although it is associated with reduced smooth muscle cell content in plaques. These data demonstrate that MMPs are directly involved in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and clearly show that members of the MMP family have widely differing effects on atherogenesis.

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Loss of matrix metalloproteinase-9 or matrix metalloproteinase-12 protects apolipoprotein E-deficient mice against atherosclerotic media destruction but differentially affects plaque growth.

Ann Manderveld, Esther Lutgens, Désiré Collen … (2004)

Epidemiological and histological evidence implicates proteinases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family in atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation. We previously indicated a role for urokinase-type plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic media destruction by proteolytic activation of MMPs. However, the role of specific MMPs, such as MMP-9 and MMP-12, in atherosclerosis remains undefined. MMP-9- or MMP-12-deficient mice were crossed in the atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient background and fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Mice were killed at 15 or 25 weeks of diet to study intermediate and advanced lesions, respectively. Loss of MMP-9 reduced atherosclerotic burden throughout the aorta and impaired macrophage infiltration and collagen deposition, while MMP-12 deficiency did not affect lesion growth. MMP-9 or MMP-12 deficiency conferred significant protection against transmedial elastin degradation and ectasia in the atherosclerotic media. This study is the first to provide direct genetic evidence for a significant involvement of MMP-9, but not of MMP-12, in atherosclerotic plaque growth. In addition, deficiency of MMP-9 or MMP-12 protected apolipoprotein E-deficient mice against atherosclerotic media destruction and ectasia, mechanisms that implicate the involvement of these MMPs in aneurysm formation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): JVR

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vasc Res

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1018-1172

Title: Journal of Vascular Research

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1018-1172

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0135

Publication date Subscription-year: 2006

Publication date (Print): November 2006

Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2006

Volume: 43

Issue: 6

Pages: 493-501

Affiliations

^aINSERM U-545, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Département d’Athérosclérose, ^bUniversité de Lille 2, ^cLaboratoire de Génétique Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, and ^dINSERM U-551, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; ^eLaboratoire de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine, Monastir, Tunisia

Article

Publisher ID: 95309 Other ID: J Vasc Res 2006;43:493–501

DOI: 10.1159/000095309

PubMed ID: 16931892

SO-VID: 12f6e71c-eb66-482c-88a3-cdf8999b1e7d

Copyright © © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

License:

Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 24 February 2006

Date accepted : 13 June 2006

Page count

Figures: 4, Tables: 4, References: 25, Pages: 9

Categories

Subject: Research Paper

ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Internal medicine,Nephrology

Keywords: Aneurysm,Metalloproteinase inhibitors,Plaque,Atherosclerotic lesions

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: General medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Internal medicine, Nephrology

Keywords: Aneurysm, Metalloproteinase inhibitors, Plaque, Atherosclerotic lesions

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