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      Undergraduate medical education in Germany Translated title: Medizinstudium in Deutschland

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          Abstract

          The purpose of this article is to give international readers an overview of the organisation, structure and curriculum, together with important advances and problems, of undergraduate medical education in Germany. Interest in medical education in Germany has been relatively low but has gained momentum with the new "Regulation of the Licensing of Doctors" which came into effect in 2003. Medical education had required substantial reform, particularly with respect to improving the links between theoretical and clinical teaching and the extension of interdisciplinary and topic-related instruction. It takes six years and three months to complete the curriculum and training is divided into three sections: basic science (2 years), clinical science (3 years) and final clinical year. While the reorganisation of graduate medical education required by the new "Regulation of the Licensing of Doctors" has stimulated multiple excellent teaching projects, there is evidence that some of the stipulated changes have not been implemented. Indeed, whether the medical schools have complied with this regulation and its overall success remains to be assessed systematically. Mandatory external accreditation and periodic reaccreditation of medical faculties need to be established in Germany.

          Translated abstract

          Dieser Artikel soll internationalen Lesern einen Überblick über die Organisation, die Struktur und das Curriculum des Medizinstudiums sowie über wichtige aktuelle Fortschritte und Probleme in der medizinischen Ausbildung in Deutschland geben. Das Interesse an der Qualität der medizinischen Ausbildung war vor der 2003 in Kraft getretenen neuen Approbationsordnung (AppOÄ) relativ gering. Das Medizinstudium war reformbedürftig, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Verbindung von theoretischen Inhalten und praktisch-klinischer Lehre sowie die interdisziplinäre Vermittlung von Kerninhalten. Das Medizinstudium dauert sechs Jahre und drei Monate und wird in drei Abschnitte unterteilt: Vorklinik (2 Jahre), Klinik (3 Jahre) und „Praktisches Jahr“. Auch wenn die durch die neue AppOÄ notwendigen Reformen an vielen Stellen hervorragende Lehrprojekte hervorgebracht haben, gibt es dennoch Hinweise darauf, dass die geforderten Veränderungen nicht überall umgesetzt werden konnten. Eine systematische Evaluation zur Umsetzung der neuen AppOÄ durch die medizinischen Fakultäten steht noch aus. Eine verpflichtende externe periodische Evaluation der medizinischen Fakultäten muss in Deutschland erst noch etabliert werden.

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          [Innovative teaching and examination methods--taking stock at German medical faculties].

          Following amendment to the German medical licensing regulations in April 2002, the training and examination of clinical-technical competencies within university medical education has gained in importance. To date, the implementation of new and innovative teaching and assessment methods at medical faculties in the Federal Republic of Germany has not been subject to exhaustive and detailed evaluation. Using structured telephone interviews, all 36 medical faculties were questioned concerning their curricula, application of skills laboratory training, standardised patients (SPs), problem-based learning (PBL), computer-based training (CBT), and the implementation of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). All 36 faculties (100 %) took part in the survey. 34 faculties (94 %) reported providing training in a skills laboratory and 30 (83 %) faculties reported working with standardised patients. PBL is employed at 33 faculties (92 %) and CBT at 32 (89 %). Practical clinical assessments in the form of OSCEs are conducted at 28 faculties and are currently being installed at two further universities. New and innovative teaching and examination methods have been implemented in almost all medical universities in the Federal Republic of Germany. Further studies are needed in order to assess the extent to which individual specialist fields are involved in these developments.
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            [The medical dissertation--no definitive model. Results of a survey about obtaining a doctorate contradict frequently stated opinions].

            The relevance of medical dissertations is controversial in Germany. The "Wissenschaftsrat" (Science Council) of Germany even made the radical proposal of abolishing medical dissertations, in their present form, in the recently published "Guidelines on writing a thesis". Using a questionnaire with 22 items all students submitting their dissertations within one year at the Medical School in Hannover were asked to participate in a survey about the dissertation, supervision, time spent on it and publishing the results. The answers were evaluated statistically by explorative data analysis. A total of 232 questionnaires were evaluated, which is equivalent to a response rate of 87% (47% were women). A majority of 69% had prepared their thesis in a clinical institution. The supervision during various phases of the dissertation was graded as good. Altogether 90% thought that it had been personally worth-while. In 57% of cases the data of the dissertation had already been published and in 39 % of these cases the author of the dissertation was listed as first author of the publication. In agreement with former studies in German universities an overwhelming majority of 90% of respondents graded dissertations as a significant part of their medical studies, although requiring much additional time. They would recommend such a research phase to younger students as highly valuable. These results are in contrast to many repeatedly made statements.
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              Selecting medical students.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ger Med Sci
                GMS Ger Med Sci
                GMS German Medical Science
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1612-3174
                02 April 2009
                2009
                : 7
                : Doc02
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of General Practice, University of Göttingen, Germany
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jean-François Chenot, Department of General Practice, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 38, 37073 Göttingen, Germany, Tel.: +49-551-396599, Fax: +49-551-399530, E-mail: jchenot@ 123456gwdg.de
                Article
                000061 urn:nbn:de:0183-0000617
                10.3205/000061
                2716556
                19675742
                1315fa95-fdb9-4d63-8f6c-70cbd12c7811
                Copyright © 2009 Chenot

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 18 December 2008
                : 27 February 2009
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                undergraduate medical education,reform,germany
                Medicine
                undergraduate medical education, reform, germany

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