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      Biocompatibility and Calcification of Bovine Pericardium Employed for the Construction of Cardiac Bioprostheses Treated With Different Chemical Crosslink Methods : CALCIFICATION OF BOVINE PERICARDIUM

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          Abstract

          The use of biological materials in the construction of bioprostheses requires the application of different chemical procedures to improve the durability of the material without producing any undesirable effects. A number of crosslinking methods have been tested in biological tissues composed mainly of collagen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility, the mechanical properties, and in vivo calcification of chemically modified bovine pericardium using glutaraldehyde acetals (GAAs) in comparison with glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment. Homsy's tests showed that the most cytotoxic treatment is GA whereas GAA treatments showed lower cytotoxicity. Regarding the mechanical properties of the modified materials, no significant differences in stress at rupture were detected among the different treatments. Zeta-Potential showed higher negative values for GA treatment (-4.9 +/- 0.6 mV) compared with GAA-0.625% (-2.2 +/- 0.5 mV) and GAA-1% (-2.2 +/- 0.4 mV), which presented values similar to native tissue. Similar results were obtained for calcium permeability coefficients which showed the highest values for GA treatment (0.12 +/- 0.02 mm(2)/min), being significantly lower for GAA treatments or non-crosslinked pericardium. These results confirmed the higher propensity of the GA-treated tissues for attraction of calcium cations and were in good agreement with the calcification degree obtained after 60 days implantation into young rats, which was significantly higher for the GA group (22.70 +/- 20.80 mg/g dry tissue) compared with GAA-0.625% and GAA-1% groups (0.49 +/- 0.28 mg/g dry tissue and 3.51 +/- 3.27 mg/g dry tissue, respectively; P < 0.001). In conclusion, GAA treatments can be considered a promising alternative to GA treatment.

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          Most cited references35

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          Prosthetic heart valves.

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            Glutaraldehyde as a fixative in bioprostheses and drug delivery matrices.

            The use of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in bioprostheses and drug delivery matrices is reviewed. The chemistry of glutaraldehyde cross-linking and its effect on the biological performance of a number of bioprostheses such as tissue heart valves, vascular grafts, pericardial patches, tendon grafts and drug delivery matrices are examined.
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              Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 2. Data for polymers.

              Zeta potential data are reviewed for a variety of polymeric microfluidic substrate materials. Many of these materials currently used for microchip fabrication have only recently been employed for generation of electroosmotic flow. Despite their recent history, polymeric microfluidic substrates are currently used extensively for microchip separations and other techniques, and understanding of the surface zeta potential is crucial for experimental design. This paper proposes the use of pC (the negative logarithm of the counterion concentration) as a useful normalization for the zeta potential on polymer substrates in contact with indifferent univalent counterions. Normalizing zeta by pC facilitates comparison of results from many investigators. The sparseness of available data for polymeric substrates prevents complete and rigorous justification for this normalization; however, it is consistent with double layer and adsorption theory. For buffers with indifferent univalent cations, normalization with the logarithm of the counterion concentration in general collapses data onto a single zeta/pC vs. pH curve, and (with the exception of PMMA) the repeatability of the data is quite encouraging. Normalization techniques should allow improved ability to predict zeta potential performance on microfluidic substrates and compare results observed with different parameters.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Artificial Organs
                Wiley
                0160564X
                15251594
                May 2010
                May 2010
                : 34
                : 5
                : E168-E176
                Article
                10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00978.x
                20633147
                1322afd8-e41b-46f3-9f7d-de851c2defdd
                © 2010

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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