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      Stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumor

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          Abstract

          Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted growing attention in the field of targeted delivery strategies, which successfully combine the advantages and properties of both cell membranes and synthetic NPs. Stem cell-based delivery systems have the innate targeting capability to tumor tissues, but inappropriate stem cells might promote tumor growth after being injected into the body. Accordingly, it is urgent to explore novel drug delivery systems that might combine the advantages of stem cells and eliminate the possible risks. This review aimed to investigate the stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumors. We discussed the underlying mechanisms of stem cell homing to target tumors. Then, the common membrane modification methods well as preparation methods of stem cell membrane coated NPs were concluded. NPs coating the stem cell membranes could obtain the tumor targeting ability, enhanced biocompatibility, and effective drug loading. Furthermore, we investigated the potential clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery systems for anti-tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and imaging, CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy, and synergistic therapy. Taken together, stem cell membrane-coated NPs hold the tremendous prospect for biomedical applications in tumor therapy.

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          Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.

          Kazutoshi Takahashi, Shinya Yamanaka (2006)
          Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state by transfer of nuclear contents into oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Little is known about factors that induce this reprogramming. Here, we demonstrate induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, under ES cell culture conditions. Unexpectedly, Nanog was dispensable. These cells, which we designated iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, exhibit the morphology and growth properties of ES cells and express ES cell marker genes. Subcutaneous transplantation of iPS cells into nude mice resulted in tumors containing a variety of tissues from all three germ layers. Following injection into blastocysts, iPS cells contributed to mouse embryonic development. These data demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from fibroblast cultures by the addition of only a few defined factors.
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            Regulation and Function of the PD-L1 Checkpoint

            Ton Schumacher, Riccardo Mezzadra, Chong Ran Sun (2018)
            Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor immunity by counteracting T cell-activating signals. Antibody-based PD-1-PD-L1 inhibitors can induce durable tumor remissions in patients with diverse advanced cancers, and thus expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenviroment is of major clinical relevance. Here we review the roles of the PD-1-PD-L1 axis in cancer, focusing on recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and protein level. We place this knowledge in the context of observations in the clinic and discuss how it may inform the design of more precise and effective cancer immune checkpoint therapies.
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              Erythrocyte membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticles as a biomimetic delivery platform.

              Che-Ming Hu, Li. Zhang, Santosh Aryal … (2011)
              Efforts to extend nanoparticle residence time in vivo have inspired many strategies in particle surface modifications to bypass macrophage uptake and systemic clearance. Here we report a top-down biomimetic approach in particle functionalization by coating biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles with natural erythrocyte membranes, including both membrane lipids and associated membrane proteins for long-circulating cargo delivery. The structure, size and surface zeta potential, and protein contents of the erythrocyte membrane-coated nanoparticles were verified using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and gel electrophoresis, respectively. Mice injections with fluorophore-loaded nanoparticles revealed superior circulation half-life by the erythrocyte-mimicking nanoparticles as compared to control particles coated with the state-of-the-art synthetic stealth materials. Biodistribution study revealed significant particle retention in the blood 72 h following the particle injection. The translocation of natural cellular membranes, their associated proteins, and the corresponding functionalities to the surface of synthetic particles represents a unique approach in nanoparticle functionalization.
              Article 0 comments Cited 500 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xin Huang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mater Today Bio
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mater Today Bio
                Title: Materials Today Bio
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2590-0064
                Publication date PMC-release: 01 August 2022
                Publication date Collection: December 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 August 2022
                Volume: 16
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100377
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
                [b ]Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author.Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. 2020xh0041@ 123456hust.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2590-0064(22)00175-2 Publisher ID: 100377
                DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100377
                PMC ID: 9364095
                PubMed ID: 35967738
                SO-VID: 13288cc9-cd70-4c6b-983c-951ecf009f94
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 22 June 2022
                Date revision received : 17 July 2022
                Date accepted : 19 July 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Keywords: stem cell,membrane coated nanoparticles,stem cell homing,tumor targeting therapy
                Data availability:
                Keywords: stem cell, membrane coated nanoparticles, stem cell homing, tumor targeting therapy

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