Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time

Brief summary: It is possible that, under certain circumstances, a sample of hot water can take less time to freeze

Even the paper is interesting, however there are some points have not been tackled as the role of the crystallization of the aqueous phase on the conformity of Mpemba effect.

"Based on the above time-related conclusions, we can explain why quasars have such short lifetimes [12] [13],[14],[15]. Due to the extremely high temperature (up to 4 × 1013K) of quasars, the average wavelength of the photons emitted by the quasars is very short, and the radiosity B(T) of the quasars is very high, which means that the time on the quasars passes very quickly, so the lifetime of the quasars is very short" It is likely to denote to Shechtman’s quasicrystals.

"In the Mpemba experiment, the water is not in a vacuum, but in the air, so in addition to the presence of heat radiation in water, there are also heat exchange and heat convection between water and air" That is not clear whether natural convection can alone explain the Mpemba effect.

"Recently, two physicists Avinash Kumar and John Bechhoefer from simon fraser university, Canada, have bypassed the complexity of water by replacing water molecules with tiny glass beads, developing a method to exhibit the Mpemba effect in a controllable environment, confirming that when two systems with different initial temperatures are cooled to the same temperature, the system with higher initial temperatures can take less time than the system with lower temperatures" The Mpemba effect should happen only to systems with involvement of strong correlation of the intermolecular bonding and intramolecular nonbonding interactions and the higher thermal diffusivity dominated by the lower mass density. Mpemba effect happens unlikely to regular substance because the material bond contraction lowers the thermal diffusivity, and the cooling bond contraction absorbs energy. Besides, more importantly, hot water is unlikely to have the same composition as cold water. Water is almost never pure H₂O. It usually contains dissolved gases, minerals and trace compounds, some of biological origin. These impurities change the temperature at which freezing occurs. In some cases, very small quantities of certain impurities (called ice nucleators) could increase the temperature at which freezing occurs by several degrees or more. Very small changes in composition can have a big effect because of the phenomenon of supercooling. This effect requires a bit of explanation after discussing the Equilibrium freezing and discriminating between Newtonian cooling and non-Newtonian cooling.

"In fact, hot water freezes faster than cold water is a mystery that has been around for thousands of years" Consider that the O:H-O bond exhibits memory with thermal momentum during cooling. The linear velocity of the H-O bond Dd_H/Dt is the product of slopes for the known temperature dependence of H-O length d_H(q) and the measured initial temperature and time dependence of water temperature q(q_i, t) as inset. Because of the Coulomb coupling of the O:H and H-O, the velocity Dd_x/Dt and energy rate DE_x/Dt (x = L for O:H and x = H for H-O) can be readily derived but here we can see that the representative only for simplicity. The initially shorter H-O bond at higher temperature remains highly active compared to its behavior otherwise when they meet on the way to freezing.

"Although the blackbody is only an ideal object, any object can be approximated as a

blackbody, and its thermal radiation will follow Planck's law. Because any system (such as the heat of an object, or the deuterium tritium nucleofusion energy of a star) is composed of quantum" More explanation is needed of why is the temperature at which freezing occurs spontaneously usually rather lower than the equilibrium freezing temperature? Why would the freezing temperatures be different? It could be chance: perhaps one sample has more effective ice nucleators than the other – and remember that it only takes one nucleator to initiate freezing. Further, because some of the nucleators are biochemicals, it is possible that even moderate of heating one of the solutions might change the effectiveness of the nucleators.

The Conclusion of the Abstract has not been written!

Keywords  have repeated the words used in the Title!

"a junior three student named Mpemba" What does that mean?

The caption of Figure has not been provided!

I found some grammatical mistakes and the layout of the references is not consistent.