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      Principles and mechanisms of photocatalytic dye degradation on TiO2 based photocatalysts: a comparative overview

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          Abstract

          Pictorial representation of all possible dye degradation reaction in UV light initiated indirect dye degradation mechanism. This mechanism is practically more important over visible light initiated direct mechanism.

          The total annual production of synthetic dye is more than 7 × 10 5 tons. Annually, through only textile waste effluents, around one thousand tons of non-biodegradable textile dyes are discharged into natural streams and water bodies. Therefore, with growing environmental concerns and environmental awareness there is a need for the removal of dyes from local and industrial water effluents with a cost effective technology. In general, these dyes have been found to be resistant to biological as well as physical treatment technologies. In this regard, heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), involving photo-catalyzed degradation of dyes using semiconductor nanoparticles is considered as an efficient cure for dye pollution. In the last two decades TiO 2 has received considerable interest because of its high potential as a photocatalyst to degrade a wide range of organic material including dyes. This review starts with (i) a brief overview on dye pollution, dye classification and dye decolourization/degradation strategies; (ii) focuses on the mechanisms involved in comparatively well understood TiO 2 photocatalysts and (iii) discusses recent advancements to enhance TiO 2 photocatalytic efficiency by (a) doping with metals, non-metals, transition metals, noble metals and lanthanide ions, (b) structural modifications of TiO 2 and (c) immobilization of TiO 2 by using various supports to make it a flexible and cost-effective commercial dye treatment technology.

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          A review of chitin and chitosan applications

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            Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative.

            The control of water pollution has become of increasing importance in recent years. The release of dyes into the environment constitutes only a small proportion of water pollution, but dyes are visible in small quantities due to their brilliance. Tightening government legislation is forcing textile industries to treat their waste effluent to an increasingly high standard. Currently, removal of dyes from effluents is by physio-chemical means. Such methods are often very costly and although the dyes are removed, accumulation of concentrated sludge creates a disposal problem. There is a need to find alternative treatments that are effective in removing dyes from large volumes of effluents and are low in cost, such as biological or combination systems. This article reviews the current available technologies and suggests an effective, cheaper alternative for dye removal and decolourisation applicable on large scale.
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              A review and recent developments in photocatalytic water-splitting using TiO2 for hydrogen production

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                RSCACL
                RSC Adv.
                RSC Adv.
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2046-2069
                2014
                2014
                : 4
                : 70
                : 37003-37026
                Article
                10.1039/C4RA06658H
                135d4e46-ade4-426e-827e-06b5cfa4b998
                © 2014
                History

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