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      Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
      Science
      American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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          Abstract

          Water is a naturally circulating resource that is constantly recharged. Therefore, even though the stocks of water in natural and artificial reservoirs are helpful to increase the available water resources for human society, the flow of water should be the main focus in water resources assessments. The climate system puts an upper limit on the circulation rate of available renewable freshwater resources (RFWR). Although current global withdrawals are well below the upper limit, more than two billion people live in highly water-stressed areas because of the uneven distribution of RFWR in time and space. Climate change is expected to accelerate water cycles and thereby increase the available RFWR. This would slow down the increase of people living under water stress; however, changes in seasonal patterns and increasing probability of extreme events may offset this effect. Reducing current vulnerability will be the first step to prepare for such anticipated changes.

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          Most cited references14

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          Global water resources: vulnerability from climate change and population growth.

          The future adequacy of freshwater resources is difficult to assess, owing to a complex and rapidly changing geography of water supply and use. Numerical experiments combining climate model outputs, water budgets, and socioeconomic information along digitized river networks demonstrate that (i) a large proportion of the world's population is currently experiencing water stress and (ii) rising water demands greatly outweigh greenhouse warming in defining the state of global water systems to 2025. Consideration of direct human impacts on global water supply remains a poorly articulated but potentially important facet of the larger global change question.
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            Geology of mankind.

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              Human Appropriation of Renewable Fresh Water

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Science
                Science
                American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
                0036-8075
                1095-9203
                August 25 2006
                August 25 2006
                : 313
                : 5790
                : 1068-1072
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
                [2 ]Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchishi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
                [3 ]Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25 Showa, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan.
                [4 ]Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-7 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan.
                Article
                10.1126/science.1128845
                16931749
                137a803b-638b-4143-84ab-8c48570e91b6
                © 2006
                History

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