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      Sugar enrichment provides evidence for a role of nitrogen fixation in coral bleaching

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          The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters

          Jorge Valderrama (1981)
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            Diversity and function of prevalent symbiotic marine bacteria in the genus Endozoicomonas

            Matthew J. Neave, Amy Apprill, Christine Ferrier Pages … (2016)
            Endozoicomonas bacteria are emerging as extremely diverse and flexible symbionts of numerous marine hosts inhabiting oceans worldwide. Their hosts range from simple invertebrate species, such as sponges and corals, to complex vertebrates, such as fish. Although widely distributed, the functional role of Endozoicomonas within their host microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we provide a summary of the currently recognized hosts of Endozoicomonas and their global distribution. Next, the potential functional roles of Endozoicomonas, particularly in light of recent microscopic, genomic, and genetic analyses, are discussed. These analyses suggest that Endozoicomonas typically reside in aggregates within host tissues, have a free-living stage due to their large genome sizes, show signs of host and local adaptation, participate in host-associated protein and carbohydrate transport and cycling, and harbour a high degree of genomic plasticity due to the large proportion of transposable elements residing in their genomes. This review will finish with a discussion on the methodological tools currently employed to study Endozoicomonas and host interactions and review future avenues for studying complex host-microbial symbioses.
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              Natural volcanic CO2 seeps reveal future trajectories for host–microbial associations in corals and sponges

              Kathleen Morrow, David G. Bourne, Craig Humphrey … (2014)
              Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are rapidly rising causing an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the ocean and a reduction in pH known as ocean acidification (OA). Natural volcanic seeps in Papua New Guinea expel 99% pure CO2 and thereby offer a unique opportunity to explore the effects of OA in situ. The corals Acropora millepora and Porites cylindrica were less abundant and hosted significantly different microbial communities at the CO2 seep than at nearby control sites <500 m away. A primary driver of microbial differences in A. millepora was a 50% reduction of symbiotic Endozoicomonas. This loss of symbiotic taxa from corals at the CO2 seep highlights a potential hurdle for corals to overcome if they are to adapt to and survive OA. In contrast, the two sponges Coelocarteria singaporensis and Cinachyra sp. were ∼40-fold more abundant at the seep and hosted a significantly higher relative abundance of Synechococcus than sponges at control sites. The increase in photosynthetic microbes at the seep potentially provides these species with a nutritional benefit and enhanced scope for growth under future climate scenarios (thus, flexibility in symbiosis may lead to a larger niche breadth). The microbial community in the apparently pCO2-sensitive sponge species S. massa was not significantly different between sites. These data show that responses to elevated pCO2 are species-specific and that the stability and flexibility of microbial partnerships may have an important role in shaping and contributing to the fitness and success of some hosts.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Global Change Biology
                Abbreviated Title: Glob Change Biol
                Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
                ISSN: 13541013
                Publication date (Print): April 2017
                Volume:
                Issue:
                Article
                DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13695
                PubMed ID: 28429531
                SO-VID: 13892d3c-aa6d-4ccf-be7f-fb1ad14876ce
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