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      Phenolic Compounds from Allium schoenoprasum, Tragopogon pratensis and Rumex acetosa and Their Antiproliferative Effects

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          Abstract

          Experimental studies have shown that phenolic compounds have antiproliferative and tumour arresting effects. The aim of this original study was to investigate the content of phenolic compounds (PhC) in flowers of Allium schoenoprasum (chive), Tragopogon pratensis (meadow salsify) and Rumex acetosa (common sorrel) and their effect on proliferation of HaCaT cells. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated in vitro using the following concentrations of phenolic compounds in cultivation medium: 100, 75, 50 and 25 µg/mL. Phenolic composition was also determined by HPLC. The results indicate that even low concentrations of these flowers’ phenolic compounds inhibited cell proliferation significantly and the possible use of the studied herb’s flowers as sources of active phenolic compounds for human nutrition.

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          Major flavonoids in grape seeds and skins: antioxidant capacity of catechin, epicatechin, and gallic acid.

          T K Toledo, Yusuf Yilmaz (2004)
          Grape seeds and skins are good sources of phytochemicals such as gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin and are suitable raw materials for the production of antioxidative dietary supplements. The differences in levels of the major monomeric flavanols and phenolic acids in seeds and skins from grapes of Vitis vinifera varieties Merlot and Chardonnay and in seeds from grapes of Vitis rotundifolia variety Muscadine were determined, and the antioxidant activities of these components were assessed. The contribution of the major monomeric flavonols and phenolic acid to the total antioxidant capacity of grape seeds and skins was also determined. Gallic acid, monomeric catechin, and epicatechin concentrations were 99, 12, and 96 mg/100 g of dry matter (dm) in Muscadine seeds, 15, 358, and 421 mg/100 g of dm in Chardonnay seeds, and 10, 127, and 115 mg/100 g of dm in Merlot seeds, respectively. Concentrations of these three compounds were lower in winery byproduct grape skins than in seeds. These three major phenolic constituents of grape seeds contributed catechin > epicatechin = gallocatechin > gallic acid = ellagic acid. The results indicated that dimeric, trimeric, oligomeric, or polymeric procyanidins account for most of the superior antioxidant capacity of grape seeds.
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            Cancer chemoprevention by dietary polyphenols: promising role for epigenetics.

            Alexander Link, Francesc Balaguer, Ajay Goel (2010)
            Epigenetics refers to heritable changes that are not encoded in the DNA sequence itself, but play an important role in the control of gene expression. In mammals, epigenetic mechanisms include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Although epigenetic changes are heritable in somatic cells, these modifications are also potentially reversible, which makes them attractive and promising avenues for tailoring cancer preventive and therapeutic strategies. Burgeoning evidence in the last decade has provided unprecedented clues that diet and environmental factors directly influence epigenetic mechanisms in humans. Dietary polyphenols from green tea, turmeric, soybeans, broccoli and others have shown to possess multiple cell-regulatory activities within cancer cells. More recently, we have begun to understand that some of the dietary polyphenols may exert their chemopreventive effects in part by modulating various components of the epigenetic machinery in humans. In this article, we first discuss the contribution of diet and environmental factors on epigenetic alterations; subsequently, we provide a comprehensive review of literature on the role of various dietary polyphenols. In particular, we summarize the current knowledge on a large number of dietary agents and their effects on DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of expression of the non-coding miRNAs in various in vitro and in vivo models. We emphasize how increased understanding of the chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols on specific epigenetic alterations may provide unique and yet unexplored novel and highly effective chemopreventive strategies for reducing the health burden of cancer and other diseases in humans. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Curcumin suppresses growth and chemoresistance of human glioblastoma cells via AP-1 and NFkappaB transcription factors.

              H V Mahesh, Krishnan M Dhandapani, Darrell W. Brann (2007)
              Malignant gliomas are a debilitating class of brain tumors that are resistant to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs, contributing to the poor prognosis associated with these tumors. Over-expression of transcription factors such as NFkappaB and AP-1 contribute to the enhanced glioma survival, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Curcumin, which may inhibit these pathways, was therefore investigated for a potential therapeutic role in glioma. The effect of curcumin on glioma survival was investigated in human (T98G, U87MG, and T67) and rat (C6) glioma cell lines. The ability of curcumin to overcome glioma cell radioresistance and chemoresistance was also explored. Curcumin reduced cell survival in a p53- and caspase-independent manner, an effect correlated with the inhibition of AP-1 and NFkappaB signaling pathways via prevention of constitutive JNK and Akt activation. Curcumin-sensitized glioma cells to several clinically utilized chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin, etoposide, camptothecin, and doxorubicin) and radiation, effects correlated with reduced expression of bcl-2 and IAP family members as well as DNA repair enzymes (MGMT, DNA-PK, Ku70, Ku80, and ERCC-1). These findings support a role for curcumin as an adjunct to traditional chemotherapy and radiation in the treatment of brain cancer.
              Article 0 comments Cited 82 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2011
                Publication date Collection: November 2011
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 9207-9217
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72, Zlin, Czech Republic; Email: kucekova@ 123456ft.utb.cz (Z.K.)
                [2 ] Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; Email: mlcek@ 123456ft.utb.cz (J.M.); rop@ 123456ft.utb.cz (O.R.)
                [3 ] Centre for Polymer Systems, Polymer Centre, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 5555, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic; Email: valasek@ 123456ft.utb.cz (P.V.); saha@ 123456utb.cz (P.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Email: humpolicek@ 123456uni.utb.cz ; Tel.: +420-576-038-035; Fax: +420-576-031-444.
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-16-09207
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119207
                PMC ID: 6264378
                PubMed ID: 22051932
                SO-VID: 139c711c-b6f1-4181-8dde-de4a5bafa266
                Copyright © © 2011 by the authors;
                License:

                licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 29 August 2011
                Date revision received : 21 October 2011
                Date accepted : 26 October 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: allium schoenoprasum,tragopogon pratensis,rumex acetosa,proliferation,phenolic compounds,hacat
                Data availability:
                Keywords: allium schoenoprasum, tragopogon pratensis, rumex acetosa, proliferation, phenolic compounds, hacat

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